Program Overview

Introduction to Drip Irrigation

Drip irrigation is a method of irrigation that involves the slow and frequent application of small amounts of water through emitters or tiny holes spaced along polyethylene tubing or tape. It is also known as trickle, subsurface, or microirrigation. This method of irrigation has been adopted by growers of high-value crops, such as tomato, pepper, strawberry, and melons, due to its numerous benefits.

Benefits of Drip Irrigation

The benefits of drip irrigation include improved yields, reduced water use, and the opportunity to distribute agricultural chemicals through the irrigation system. Drip irrigation also allows for more precise control over water and nutrient application, which can lead to increased efficiency and reduced waste.

Components of a Drip Irrigation System

A drip irrigation system consists of several components, including a water source, pump, backflow preventer, injector, filter, pressure regulator, valves, and a distribution system of pipes and tubes. The system may also include solenoid valves and a controller to automate the irrigation process.

Case Study: Rincon Farm

Biad Chili Inc.'s Rincon Farm, located in New Mexico, served as a case study for the adoption of drip irrigation. The farm's water source is a 100-foot-deep well, and the water quality is poor, with high levels of dissolved salts. The farm's soil is a clay loam with a pH of 8.3, and the crop rotation includes chile, onion, corn, cotton, and alfalfa.

Drip Irrigation System Design and Maintenance

The design and maintenance of a drip irrigation system are critical to its success. The system should be designed to ensure uniform water delivery throughout the field, and the tubing should be buried at a depth of 8-10 inches to minimize evaporation and runoff. The system should also be regularly maintained, including cleaning filters, flushing lines, and checking for leaks.

Economic Comparison of Drip and Furrow Irrigation

A study comparing the economic viability of drip irrigation to furrow irrigation found that drip irrigation produced a 12% greater net operating profit than furrow irrigation. The study also found that drip irrigation resulted in higher yields, lower chemical costs, and lower fertilizer costs.

Assessing Water Quality

Assessing water quality is critical to the success of a drip irrigation system. The water should be tested for physical, chemical, and biological components, including suspended solids, pH, dissolved solids, manganese, iron, and hydrogen sulfide.

Managing Fertility in Drip-Irrigated Chile Production

Managing fertility in drip-irrigated chile production involves adjusting fertilizer application rates and timing to meet the crop's needs. The most common fertilizer applied through drip irrigation is nitrogen, and the application rate and timing should be based on soil test results and crop monitoring.

Maintenance of Microirrigation Systems

Maintaining microirrigation systems is critical to their success. The systems should be regularly inspected for leaks, and filters should be cleaned and replaced as needed. The systems should also be flushed regularly to remove any debris or sediment that may have accumulated.

Nitrate Testing in Chile Pepper

Nitrate testing in chile pepper involves measuring the nitrate-nitrogen levels in the plant's petiole. This can be done using a nitrate meter, which provides a quick and accurate measurement of nitrate levels.

Pesticides and Drip Irrigation

Using pesticides with drip irrigation can be beneficial, but it requires careful consideration of the pesticide's label and the system's design. The pesticide should be applied through the drip irrigation system, and the system should be designed to ensure uniform application.

Fertigation and Injection Systems

Fertigation involves injecting fertilizers into the drip irrigation system. The most common fertilizers used in fertigation are nitrogen and phosphorus. The injection system should be designed to ensure uniform application of the fertilizers.

Grower Panel Discussion

A grower panel discussion highlighted the benefits and challenges of using drip irrigation. The panelists discussed the importance of proper system design, maintenance, and management, as well as the need for careful consideration of water quality and fertilizer application.

Summary

In summary, drip irrigation is a highly efficient method of irrigation that offers numerous benefits, including improved yields, reduced water use, and increased efficiency. However, it requires careful consideration of system design, maintenance, and management, as well as water quality and fertilizer application.

Appendix A: Soil NO3-N "Quick Test"

A soil NO3-N "quick test" can be used to measure the nitrate-nitrogen levels in the soil. The test involves collecting a soil sample, mixing it with a calcium chloride solution, and measuring the nitrate levels using a test strip.

Appendix B: List of Acceptable Pesticides Available for Drip Systems

A list of acceptable pesticides available for drip systems is provided. The list includes eight pesticides that are registered for use in drip irrigation systems in New Mexico.