Biotechnology and Molecular Bi - Rochester Insti

In RIT’s biotechnology bachelor’s degree, you’ll develop technologies for genetics, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, vaccine development, energy/environment, forensics, and more.

Why Study Biotechnology at RIT

Hands-on Experience: Sequence and annotate whole genomes of a variety of organisms using the Illumina MiSeq in the Genomics Lab.
Lab Experience: 70% of the biotechnology and molecular bioscience elective courses have a hands-on laboratory component.
Gain Real-World Experience: Conduct undergraduate research, complete a cooperative education or internship, or study abroad.
Engaging Community: Develop leadership, networking, and communication skills and engage in professional and outreach activities through the Biotechnology Club.
Pre-Med/Pre-Health Advising Program: Receive personalized guidance to become a competitive candidate for admission to medical schools and graduate programs in the health professions.
Jobs at Industry Leading Companies: Recent biotechnology graduates are employed at organizations such as Pfizer, Inc., Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Merck & Co., Johns Hopkins Medicine, National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, and the MD Anderson Cancer Center.
Accelerated Bachelor’s/Master’s Available: Earn both your bachelor’s and your master’s in less time and with a cost savings, giving you a competitive advantage in your field.
STEM-OPT Visa Eligible: The STEM Optional Practical Training (OPT) program allows full-time, on-campus international students on an F-1 student visa to stay and work in the U.S. for up to three years after graduation.

Curriculum

Biotechnology and Molecular Bioscience, BS degree, typical course sequence

First Year
- BIOL-123: Introduction to Biology: Organisms and Ecosystems (General Education)
- BIOL-124: Introduction to Biology: Molecules and Cells (General Education)
- BIOL-125: Introduction to Biology Laboratory: Organisms and Ecosystems (General Education)
- BIOL-126: Introduction to Biology Laboratory: Molecules and Cells (General Education)
- CHMG-141: General & Analytical Chemistry I (General Education – Natural Science Inquiry Perspective)
- CHMG-142: General & Analytical Chemistry II (General Education – Scientific Principles Perspective)
- CHMG-145: General & Analytical Chemistry I Lab (General Education – Natural Science Inquiry Perspective)
- CHMG-146: General & Analytical Chemistry II Lab (General Education – Scientific Principles Perspective)
- MATH-161: Applied Calculus (General Education – Mathematical Perspective A)
- YOPS-10: RIT 365: RIT Connections
- General Education – Artistic Perspective
- General Education – Social Perspective
- General Education – First-Year Writing (WI)
Second Year
- BIOL-206: Molecular Biology
- BIOL-216: Molecular Biology Laboratory
- BIOL-302: Cell Biology
- BIOL-311: Introduction to Microbiology
- BIOL-315: Tissue Culture Laboratory
- BIOL-499: Biology Co-op (summer)
- CHMO-231: Organic Chemistry I (General Education)
- CHMO-232: Organic Chemistry II (General Education)
- CHMO-235: Organic Chemistry Lab I (General Education)
- CHMO-236: Organic Chemistry Lab II (General Education)
- Choose one of the following:
  - STAT-145: Introduction to Statistics I (General Education – Mathematical Perspective B)
  - STAT-155: Introduction to Biostatistics (General Education – Mathematical Perspective B)
- General Education – Ethical Perspective
- General Education – Global Perspective
Third Year
- BIOL-321: Genetics
- BIOL-327: Fundamentals of Bioinformatics Analysis
- CHMB-402: Biochemistry I (General Education)
- Program Electives
- Program Elective (WI-PR)
- Open Electives
- General Education – Immersion 1
Fourth Year
- BIOL-500: Experiential Learning Requirement in Life Science
- Program Electives
- General Education – Immersion 2, 3
- Open Electives
- General Education – Elective

List A: Biotechnology and Molecular Bioscience Program Electives

BIOL-220: Biology of Fungi and Insects
BIOL-265: Evolutionary Biology (WI-PR)
BIOL-305: Plants, Medicine and Technology
BIOL-313: Comparative Animal Physiology
BIOL-322: Developmental Biology
BIOL-335: Phage Biology
BIOL-340: Genomics
BIOL-345: Molecular Ecology (WI-PR)
BIOL-365: Introduction to Population Genetics
BIOL-372: Biology Without Walls
BIOL-375: Advanced Immunology
BIOL-401: Biological Separations: Principles and Practices
BIOL-403: Fundamentals of Plant Biochemistry and Pathology
BIOL-404: Microbiology of Fermentation
BIOL-408: Biology of Cancer (WI-PR)
BIOL-412: Human Genetics (WI-PR)
BIOL-414: Animal Nutrition
BIOL-415: Virology
BIOL-416: Plant Biotechnology
BIOL-418: Plant Molecular Biology
BIOL-420: Bacterial-Host Interactions: Microbiomes of the World
BIOL-427: Microbial and Viral Genetics (WI-PR)
BIOL-441: Genetic Engineering and Synthetic Biology (WI-PR)
BIOL-460: Infectious Disease: Impact on Society and Culture
BIOL-471: Environmental Microbiology
BIOL-495: Advanced Biology Research
BIOL-498: Advanced Biology Independent Study
BIOL-530: Bioinformatics Algorithms
BIOL-550: High Throughput Sequencing Analysis (WI-PR)
BIOL-594: Molecular Modeling and Proteomics
BIOL-599: Research Based Writing (WI-PR)
BIOL-601: Genetic Disease and Disorders
BIOL-625: Ethics in Bioinformatics
BIOL-694: Molecular Modeling and Proteomics
CHMA-650: Chemical Separations and Mass Spectroscopy
MEDS-313: Introduction to Infectious Diseases
MEDS-530: Human Immunology

List B: Biotechnology and Molecular Bioscience Program Lab Electives

BIOL-313: Comparative Animal Physiology
BIOL-322: Developmental Biology
BIOL-335: Phage Biology
BIOL-340: Genomics
BIOL-372: Biology Without Walls
BIOL-375: Advanced Immunology
BIOL-401: Biological Separations: Principles and Practices
BIOL-403: Fundamentals of Plant Biochemistry and Pathology
BIOL-404: Microbiology of Fermentation
BIOL-416: Plant Biotechnology
BIOL-418: Plant Molecular Biology
BIOL-427: Microbial and Viral Genetics (WI-PR)
BIOL-441: Genetic Engineering and Synthetic Biology (WI-PR)
BIOL-471: Environmental Microbiology
BIOL-495: Advanced Biology Research
BIOL-550: High Throughput Sequencing Analysis (WI-PR)
BIOL-594: Molecular Modeling and Proteomics
BIOL-694: Molecular Modeling and Proteomics
CHMA-650: Chemical Separations and Mass Spectroscopy

Combined Accelerated Bachelor's/Master's Degrees

Biotechnology and Molecular Bioscience, BS degree/Bioinformatics, MS degree, typical course sequence

First Year
- BIOL-123: Introduction to Biology: Organisms and Ecosystems (General Education)
- BIOL-124: Introduction to Biology: Molecules and Cells (General Education)
- BIOL-125: Introduction to Biology Laboratory: Organisms and Ecosystems (General Education)
- BIOL-126: Introduction to Biology Laboratory: Molecules and Cells (General Education)
- CHMG-141: General & Analytical Chemistry I (General Education – Natural Science Inquiry Perspective)
- CHMG-142: General & Analytical Chemistry II (General Education – Scientific Principles Perspective)
- CHMG-145: General & Analytical Chemistry I Lab (General Education – Natural Science Inquiry Perspective)
- CHMG-146: General & Analytical Chemistry II Lab (General Education – Scientific Principles Perspective)
- MATH-161: Applied Calculus (General Education – Mathematical Perspective A)
- YOPS-10: RIT 365: RIT Connections
- General Education – Artistic Perspective
- General Education – Social Perspective
- General Education – First-Year Writing (WI)
Second Year
- BIOL-206: Molecular Biology
- BIOL-216: Molecular Biology Laboratory
- BIOL-302: Cell Biology
- BIOL-311: Introduction to Microbiology
- BIOL-315: Tissue Culture Laboratory
- BIOL-499: Biology Co-op (summer)
- CHMO-231: Organic Chemistry I (General Education)
- CHMO-232: Organic Chemistry II (General Education)
- CHMO-235: Organic Chemistry Lab I (General Education)
- CHMO-236: Organic Chemistry Lab II (General Education)
- Choose one of the following:
  - STAT-145: Introduction to Statistics I (General Education – Mathematical Perspective B)
  - STAT-155: Introduction to Biostatistics (General Education – Mathematical Perspective B)
- General Education – Ethical Perspective
- General Education – Global Perspective
Third Year
- BIOL-321: Genetics
- BIOL-327: Fundamentals of Bioinformatics Analysis
- CHMB-402: Biochemistry I (General Education)
- Program Electives
- Open Electives
- Program Elective (WI-PR)
- General Education – Immersion 1
Fourth Year
- BIOL-500: Experiential Learning Requirement in Life Science
- BIOL-625: Ethics in Bioinformatics
- BIOL-694: Molecular Model and Proteomics
- BIOL-790: Research and Thesis
- Program Electives
- General Education – Immersion 2, 3
- Open Electives
- General Education – Elective
Fifth Year
- BIOL-630: Bioinformatics Algorithms
- BIOL-635: Bioinformatics Seminar
- BIOL-672: Computational Statistics and Data Science Methods
- BIOL-790: Research and Thesis
- Graduate Electives

Admissions and Financial Aid

First-Year Admission

4 years of English
3 years of social studies and/or history
3 years of mathematics is required and must include algebra, geometry, and algebra 2/trigonometry. Pre-calculus is recommended.
2-3 years of science is required and must include biology and chemistry.

Transfer Admission

A minimum of college algebra is required. Pre-calculus or calculus is preferred.
Chemistry and biology are required.

Faculty

Michael Savka: Professor
Dina Newman: Professor
Julie Thomas: Associate Professor
Andre Hudson: Dean, College of Science
L. Kate Wright: School Head

Research

Real-World Experiences Through Biotechnology Research

Undergraduate research is strongly encouraged for biotech majors. It can begin as early as your first year. Participation in undergraduate research leads to the development of real-world lab techniques, enhanced problem-solving skills, and broader career opportunities.

Facilities

Genomics Enterprise Center
Confocal Microscopy Lab
Bioinformatics Epicenter

Program Outline

The biotechnology degree prepares you to immediately assume challenging positions in research, development, and management in the fields of plant biotechnology, human genetics, agriculture, food products, pharmaceuticals and vaccine development, environment and energy, forensic science, and genetic counseling. Meaningful research projects preparing you to gain valuable experience for full-time employment or to pursue graduate study.

The advanced nature of the third- and fourth-year courses, as well as the opportunity to participate in faculty-sponsored undergraduate research, provide a sound foundation to those students wishing to pursue a master’s or doctoral degree. The major also can be designed to include the education necessary for the pursuit of a career in the medical field.

Specialized areas of emphasis include recombinant DNA, microbial and plant genetic engineering, mammalian and plant tissue culture, monoclonal antibody production and purification, large-scale fermentation techniques (bacterial and mammalian cell), and methods for characterization and separation of proteins and nucleic acids in yeast, bacterial, viral, and plant systems.

As a student enrolled in the biotechnology and molecular bioscience program at RIT you’ll be exposed to dynamic professors who are leaders in their fields both in the classroom and in the laboratory.

Plan of Study

Building on a core of biology, chemistry, math, and liberal arts, the courses in this major are taught from a molecular bioscience perspective and are focused on the central genetic dogma of molecular biology. The curriculum explores the rapidly-expanding field of genetic engineering and almost unlimited potential that controlled genetic experiments hold for improving the quality of life. Specialized areas of interest include recombinant DNA, mammalian and plant tissue culture, and monoclonal antibody production.

Real World Experiences

Undergraduate research is strongly encouraged and strengthens your preparation for graduate study or employment. You’re encouraged to participate in undergraduate research experience under the guidance of faculty mentors. You’re also encouraged to apply for summer research internships both here at RIT and at other institutions.

You also have the option to pursue cooperative education experience in research, lab support, or data analysis in private businesses, government agencies, and non-profit organizations. Biotechnology and molecular biosciences students have worked at pharmaceutical companies, academic research laboratories, biotechnology companies, and national laboratories.

Nature of Work

Do you want to learn about the natural world on a molecular level? Do you want to learn how cells and living organisms can be harnessed to improve scientific knowledge and human health? Biotechnology is the area of science that uses living systems to create products and new technologies. Biotechnologists play important roles in biomedical research, agriculture, food safety, pharmaceutical and vaccine development, and more.

Advantages

The biotechnology and molecular bioscience program prepares our graduates for post-secondary education, employment in biotech and research laboratories, and for medical school.

Pre-Vet Advising Program

Occupations in veterinary medicine are expected to grow three times faster than all other occupations between 2016 and 2026. If you’re interested in caring for animals, conducting research related to animal illnesses, or working with livestock in university or government settings, the Pre-Vet Advising Program at RIT can help you reach your career goals. Learn more about RIT’s personalized Pre-Vet Advising Program and how it can help you maximize your candidacy for admission to veterinary schools.

Premedical and Health Professions Advisory Program

Medical schools and graduate programs in the health professions (such as physician assistants, physical therapy, and occupational therapy) welcome applications from students majoring in a wide range of academic programs. Acceptance into these programs requires the completion of pre-med requirements such as course work in biological and physical sciences, a strong academic record, pertinent experiences in the field, and key intrapersonal and interpersonal capabilities. Learn more about how RIT’s Premedical and Health Professions Advisory Program can help you become a competitive candidate for admission to graduate programs in the medical and health professions.

Combined Accelerated Bachelor’s/Master’s Degrees

Today’s careers require advanced degrees grounded in real-world experience. RIT’s Combined Accelerated Bachelor’s/Master’s Degrees enable you to earn both a bachelor’s and a master’s degree in as little as five years of study, all while gaining the valuable hands-on experience that comes from co-ops, internships, research, study abroad, and more.

+1 MBA: Students who enroll in a qualifying undergraduate degree have the opportunity to add an MBA to their bachelor’s degree after their first year of study, depending on their program. Learn how the +1 MBA can accelerate your learning and position you for success.

Typical Job Titles

Associate Scientist	Molecular Technician
Laboratory Technician	Quality Assurance Laboratory Technician
Plant and Microbial Genetics Researcher	Scientist
Analyst	Cytogenetics Lab Medical Technician
Research Associate

Salary and Career Information for Biotechnology and Molecular Bioscience BS

Cooperative Education

What’s different about an RIT education? It’s the career experience you gain by completing cooperative education and internships with top companies in every single industry. You’ll earn more than a degree. You’ll gain real-world career experience that sets you apart. It’s exposure–early and often–to a variety of professional work environments, career paths, and industries.

Co-ops and internships take your knowledge and turn it into know-how. Science co-ops include a range of hands-on experiences, from co-ops and internships and work in labs to undergraduate research and clinical experience in health care settings. These opportunities provide the hands-on experience that enables you to apply your scientific, math, and health care knowledge in professional settings while you make valuable connections between classwork and real-world applications.

Research Internships

Research internships, offered both on and off-campus, take place during the summer. RIT offers numerous opportunities for students to participate in research, including three on-campus summer programs: Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU), Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowships (SURF), and the Summer Undergraduate Research Programs (SURP). Many students participate in undergraduate research for course credit during the academic year.

National Labs Career Events and Recruiting

The Office of Career Services and Cooperative Education offers National Labs and federally-funded Research Centers from all research areas and sponsoring agencies a variety of options to connect with and recruit students. Students connect with employer partners to gather information on their laboratories and explore co-op, internship, research, and full-time opportunities. These national labs focus on scientific discovery, clean energy development, national security, technology advancements, and more. Recruiting events include our university-wide Fall Career Fair, on-campus and virtual interviews, information sessions, 1:1 networking with lab representatives, and a National Labs Resume Book available to all labs.

About University

PhD

Masters

Bachelors

Diploma

Courses

Rochester Institute of Technology

Rochester Institute of Technology (Dubai)

Overview:

Rochester Institute of Technology (Dubai) is a branch campus of the renowned Rochester Institute of Technology in the United States. Located in Dubai Silicon Oasis, a special economic zone for knowledge and innovation, RIT Dubai offers a comprehensive range of undergraduate and graduate programs in various fields, including engineering, business, computing, and design. The institution is committed to providing students with a high-quality American education in a dynamic and international setting.

Services Offered:

RIT Dubai provides a wide array of services to support student success, including:

Academic Support Center:

Offers tutoring, study skills workshops, and other resources to enhance academic performance.

Advising Resources:

Provides guidance on academic planning, career exploration, and personal development.

Health and Wellness:

Offers access to healthcare services, counseling, and wellness programs.

Athletics and Recreation:

Provides opportunities for students to participate in sports, fitness activities, and recreational programs.

Student Leadership:

Encourages student involvement in clubs, organizations, and leadership initiatives.

Student Accommodation:

Offers on-campus housing options for students.

Parking and Transportation:

Provides parking facilities and transportation services for students.

Student Life and Campus Experience:

RIT Dubai fosters a vibrant and inclusive campus community where students can engage in a variety of activities and experiences, including:

Student Life at RIT Dubai:

Offers opportunities for students to connect with peers, participate in social events, and explore cultural activities.

New Student Orientation:

Provides a welcoming introduction to campus life and resources.

Co-op and Internship Program:

Offers students practical work experience through co-op and internship opportunities.

Key Reasons to Study There:

American Degree:

RIT Dubai offers a true American degree, recognized globally for its quality and rigor.

State-of-the-Art Campus:

The campus features modern facilities and technology to support learning and research.

Co-op and Internship Program:

Provides students with valuable work experience and career development opportunities.

Study Abroad Options:

Offers students the chance to study at other RIT campuses or partner institutions around the world.

Global Connectivity:

RIT Dubai is located in a dynamic and international hub, providing students with diverse perspectives and networking opportunities.

Academic Programs:

RIT Dubai offers a range of undergraduate and graduate programs, including:

Undergraduate Programs:

Bachelor of Fine Arts in New Media Design
Bachelor of Science in Psychology
Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering
Bachelor of Science in Cybersecurity
Bachelor of Science in Computing and Information Technologies
Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering
Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering
Bachelor of Science in Marketing
Bachelor of Science in Finance
Bachelor of Science in Global Business Management

Graduate Programs:

Master of Science in Organizational Leadership and Innovation
Masters of Science in Professional Studies: Future Foresight and Planning
Masters of Science in Engineering Management
Masters of Science in Mechanical Engineering
Masters of Science in Professional Studies: Data Analytics
Masters of Science in Professional Studies: Smart Cities
Masters of Science in Cybersecurity
Masters of Science in Electrical Engineering

Other:

RIT Dubai has a strong focus on innovation and entrepreneurship, with dedicated labs and centers supporting student projects and research.
The institution boasts a diverse student body representing over 75 nationalities, creating a rich and multicultural learning environment.
RIT Dubai has a high employability rate, with over 80% of graduates securing employment within six months of graduation.
The institution has a strong network of alumni, providing students with valuable connections and career support.

Total programs

226

Average ranking globally

#442

Average ranking in the country

#132

Admission Requirements

View Printable Curriculum

Biotechnology and Molecular Bioscience, BS degree, typical course sequence

Course		Sem. Cr. Hrs.
First Year
BIOL-123	Introduction to Biology: Organisms and Ecosystems	3
This course serves as an introduction to biology for majors, focusing on the organismal, population, and ecosystem levels. Major themes include: evolution, structure and function, information flow and storage, pathways and transformations of energy and matter, and systems. The course also focuses on developing core competencies, such as applying the process of science, using quantitative reasoning, communicating, and collaborating. Lecture 3 (Fall).
BIOL-124	Introduction to Biology: Molecules and Cells	3
This course serves as an introduction to biology for majors, focusing on the molecular and cellular level. Major themes include: evolution, structure and function, information flow and storage, pathways and transformations of energy and matter, and systems. The course also focuses on developing core competencies, such as applying the process of science, using quantitative reasoning, communicating, and collaborating. Lecture 3 (Spring).
BIOL-125	Introduction to Biology Laboratory: Organisms and Ecosystems	1
This course is an introduction to laboratory work in life sciences. The laboratory work is project-based, and may involve field work as well as laboratory experiments. The course is designed to show the huge scope of biology and will encompass how some molecular biology and bioinformatics techniques connect with organismal and ecological biology. (Co-requisites: BIOL-123 or equivalent course.) Lab 3 (Fall).
BIOL-126	Introduction to Biology Laboratory: Molecules and Cells	1
This course is an introduction to laboratory work in life sciences. The laboratory work is project based, and the subject matter of the project(s) may vary. The course is designed to show the huge scope of biology and will encompass some molecular biology and bioinformatics techniques connect with organismal and ecological biology. (Co-requisites: BIOL-124 or equivalent course.) Lab 3 (Spring).
CHMG-141	General & Analytical Chemistry I (General Education – Natural Science Inquiry Perspective)	3
This is a general chemistry course for students in the life and physical sciences. College chemistry is presented as a science based on empirical evidence that is placed into the context of conceptual, visual, and mathematical models. Students will learn the concepts, symbolism, and fundamental tools of chemistry necessary to carry on a discourse in the language of chemistry. Emphasis will be placed on the relationship between atomic structure, chemical bonds, and the transformation of these bonds through chemical reactions. The fundamentals of organic chemistry are introduced throughout the course to emphasize the connection between chemistry and the other sciences. Lecture 3 (Fall, Spring, Summer).
CHMG-142	General & Analytical Chemistry II (General Education – Scientific Principles Perspective)	3
The course covers the thermodynamics and kinetics of chemical reactions. The relationship between energy and entropy change as the driving force of chemical processes is emphasized through the study of aqueous solutions. Specifically, the course takes a quantitative look at: 1) solubility equilibrium, 2) acid-base equilibrium, 3) oxidation-reduction reactions and 4) chemical kinetics. (Prerequisites: CHMG-141 or CHMG-131 or equivalent course.) Lecture 3 (Fall, Spring, Summer).
CHMG-145	General & Analytical Chemistry I Lab (General Education – Natural Science Inquiry Perspective)	1
The course combines hands-on laboratory exercises with workshop-style problem sessions to complement the CHMG-141 lecture material. The course emphasizes laboratory techniques and data analysis skills. Topics include: gravimetric, volumetric, thermal, titration and spectrophotometric analyses, and the use of these techniques to analyze chemical reactions. (Corequisite: CHMG-141 or CHMG-131 or equivalent course.) Lab 3 (Fall, Spring, Summer).
CHMG-146	General & Analytical Chemistry II Lab (General Education – Scientific Principles Perspective)	1
The course combines hands-on laboratory exercises with workshop-style problem sessions to complement the CHMG-142 lecture material. The course emphasizes the use of experiments as a tool for chemical analysis and the reporting of results in formal lab reports. Topics include the quantitative analysis of a multicomponent mixture using complexation and double endpoint titration, pH measurement, buffers and pH indicators, the kinetic study of a redox reaction, and the electrochemical analysis of oxidation reduction reactions. (Prerequisites: CHMG-131 or CHMG-141 or equivalent course. Corequisites: CHMG-142 or equivalent course.) Lab 3 (Fall, Spring, Summer).
MATH-161	Applied Calculus (General Education – Mathematical Perspective A)	4
This course is an introduction to the study of differential and integral calculus, including the study of functions and graphs, limits, continuity, the derivative, derivative formulas, applications of derivatives, the definite integral, the fundamental theorem of calculus, basic techniques of integral approximation, exponential and logarithmic functions, basic techniques of integration, an introduction to differential equations, and geometric series. Applications in business, management sciences, and life sciences will be included with an emphasis on manipulative skills. (Prerequisite: C- or better in MATH-101, MATH-111, MATH-131, NMTH-260, NMTH-272 or NMTH-275 or Math Placement Exam score greater than or equal to 45.) Lecture 4 (Fall, Spring).
YOPS-10	RIT 365: RIT Connections	0
RIT 365 students participate in experiential learning opportunities designed to launch them into their career at RIT, support them in making multiple and varied connections across the university, and immerse them in processes of competency development. Students will plan for and reflect on their first-year experiences, receive feedback, and develop a personal plan for future action in order to develop foundational self-awareness and recognize broad-based professional competencies. Lecture 1 (Fall, Spring).
	General Education – Artistic Perspective	3
	General Education – Social Perspective	3
	General Education – First-Year Writing (WI)	3
Second Year
BIOL-206	Molecular Biology	3
This course will address the fundamental concepts of Molecular Biology. Class discussions, assignments, and projects will explore the structure and function of biologically important molecules (DNA, RNA and proteins) in a variety of cellular and molecular processes. Students in this course will explore the molecular interactions that facilitate the storage, maintenance and repair of DNA and processes that drive the flow of genetic information and evolution. Students in this course will gain an understanding of various molecular mechanisms, structure/function relationships, and processes as they relate to molecular biology. The foundational molecular concepts in this course will be built upon in a variety of upper-level biology courses. (Prerequisite:(BIOL-101,BIOL-102,BIOL-103&BIOL-104) or (BIOL-121&BIOL-122) or (BIOL-123,BIOL-124,BIOL-125&BIOL-126)or equivalent courses with a grade of C- or higher. Co-requisite:(CHMG-141&CHMG-145)or(CHEM-151&CHEM-155) or CHMG-131 or equivalent courses.) Lecture 3 (Fall, Spring).
BIOL-216	Molecular Biology Laboratory	1
This laboratory course will address the fundamental concepts of Molecular Biology. Students in this laboratory will complement their understanding of core concepts in Molecular Biology through the implementation and practice of laboratory techniques used by Molecular Biologists. Laboratory techniques and projects will focus on recombinant DNA technology and the detection and tracking of biomolecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins. (Prerequisite:(BIOL-101&BIOL-102&BIOL-103&BIOL-104)or(BIOL-121&BIOL-122)or(BIOL-123&BIOL-124&BIOL-125&BIOL-126)or equivalent courses w/ grade of C- or higher. Co-requisite:BIOL-206&((CHMG-141&CHMG-145)or(CHEM-151&CHEM-155)orCHMG-131)or equivalent courses.) Lab 3 (Fall, Spring).
BIOL-302	Cell Biology	3
This course will address the fundamental concepts of cell biology. Class discussions, assignments, and laboratory projects will 1) Explore the structure-function relationships that drive cellular processes at the molecular, cellular and tissue level. 2) Investigate the mechanisms of cellular signaling and the transmission of genetic information. 3) Examine energy transformation strategies and the biochemical pathways used for synthesis and breakdown of ATP and other important biomolecules. 4) Investigate the organizational strategies used by cells to form functional tissue and organ systems. (Prerequisites: (BIOL-206 and BIOL-216) or BIOL-201 or BIOL-202 or BIOG-240 or equivalent courses.) Lecture 3 (Spring).
BIOL-311	Introduction to Microbiology	4
BIOL-315	Tissue Culture Laboratory	1
This course will address the fundamental skills and concepts required to culture and maintain mammalian cells in culture. Laboratory discussions, assignments and projects will allow students to develop basic eukaryotic tissue culture techniques and explore tissue culture techniques in modern research and medical applications. (Prerequisites: (BIOL-206 and BIOL-216) or BIOL-201 or BIOL-202 or BIOG-240 or equivalent courses. Co-requisite: BIOL-302 or equivalent course.) Lab 3 (Spring).
BIOL-499	Biology Co-op (summer)*	0
Cooperative education experience for undergraduate biological sciences students. CO OP (Fall, Spring, Summer).
CHMO-231	Organic Chemistry I (General Education – Elective)	3
This course is a study of the structure, nomenclature, reactions and synthesis of the following functional groups: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes. This course also introduces chemical bonding, IR and NMR spectroscopy, acid and base reactions, stereochemistry, nucleophilic substitution reactions, and alkene and alkyne reactions. In addition, the course provides an introduction to the use of mechanisms in describing and predicting organic reactions. (Prerequisites: CHMG-142 or CHMG-131 or equivalent course. Corequisites: CHMO-235 or equivalent course.) Lecture 3 (Fall, Spring, Summer).
CHMO-232	Organic Chemistry II (General Education – Elective)	3
This course is a continuation of the study of the structure, nomenclature, reactions and synthesis of the following functional groups: aromatic systems, alcohols, ethers, epoxides, and carbonyls. This course will introduce the use of mechanisms in describing and predicting organic reactions. (Prerequisites: CHMO-231 or CHMO-331 or equivalent course. Corequisites: CHMO-236 or equivalent course.) Lecture 3 (Fall, Spring).
CHMO-235	Organic Chemistry Lab I (General Education – Elective)	1
This course trains students to perform techniques important in an organic chemistry lab. The course also covers reactions from the accompanying lecture CHMO-231. (Corequisite: CHMO-231 or equivalent course.) Lab 3 (Fall, Spring, Summer).
CHMO-236	Organic Chemistry Lab II (General Education – Elective)	1
This course teaches students to apply basic lab techniques to organic synthetic experiments reactions covered in the accompanying lecture COS-CHMO-232. This course will also help students to solidify the concepts taught in lecture. The course will continue to instruct students in maintaining a professional lab notebook. (Prerequisites: CHMO-235 or equivalent course. Corequisites: CHMO-232 or equivalent course.) Lab 3 (Fall, Spring).
		3
STAT-145	Introduction to Statistics I (General Education – Mathematical Perspective B)
This course introduces statistical methods of extracting meaning from data, and basic inferential statistics. Topics covered include data and data integrity, exploratory data analysis, data visualization, numeric summary measures, the normal distribution, sampling distributions, confidence intervals, and hypothesis testing. The emphasis of the course is on statistical thinking rather than computation. Statistical software is used. (Prerequisite: MATH-101 or MATH-111 or NMTH-260 or NMTH-272 or NMTH-275 or a math placement exam score of at least 35.) Lecture 3 (Fall, Spring, Summer).
STAT-155	Introduction to Biostatistics ( General Education – Mathematical Perspective B)
	General Education – Ethical Perspective	3
	General Education – Global Perspective	3
Third Year
BIOL-321	Genetics	3
Introduction to the principles of inheritance; the study of genes and chromosomes at molecular, cellular, organismal, and population levels. (Prerequisites: (BIOL-206 and BIOL-216) or BIOL-201 or BIOL-202 or BIOG-240 or equivalent courses.) Lecture 3 (Fall, Spring, Summer).
BIOL-327	Fundamental Bioinformatics Analysis	3
This course addresses the fundamental concepts of bioinformatics, focusing on computational analysis of nucleic acids and proteins. Utilization of computational programs for analysis of individual and multiple sequences for functional and evolutionary information will be discussed. The computational laboratory will highlight the applications available for analysis of molecular sequences. (Prerequisite: BIOL-201 or BIOL-202 or BIOL-206 or BIOG-240 or equivalent course.) Lecture 2 (Fall).
CHMB-402	Biochemistry I (General Education)	3
This course introduces the structure and function of biological macromolecules and their metabolic pathways. The relationship between the three-dimensional structure of proteins and their function in enzymatic catalysis will be examined. Membrane structure and the physical laws that apply to metabolic processes will also be discussed. (Prerequisite: CHMO-231 or CHMO-331 or equivalent course.) Lecture 3 (Fall, Spring, Summer).
	Program Electives	12
	Program Elective (WI-PR)	4
	Open Electives	6
	General Education – Immersion 1	3
Fourth Year
BIOL-500	Experiential Learning Requirement in Life Science	0
The experiential learning (EL) requirement may be fulfilled through a variety of methods including co-op, undergraduate research, summer research experiences, study abroad relevant to the major, designated EL courses, etc. All experiences must be approved by the GSOLS EL Committee. Lecture (Fall, Spring, Summer).
	Program Electives	14
	General Education – Immersion 2, 3	6
	Open Electives	6
	General Education – Elective	3
Total Semester Credit Hours		121

*Biology Co-op is for Co-op track students only. Minimum requirement of 30 credits of program electives (List A) of which 24 credits must be lab electives (List B). A maximum of 6 credits of BIOL-495 (Advanced Biology Research) may count for lab elective credit. A maximum of 6 credits of BIOL-495 and BIOL-498 combined may count for program elective credit.

Please see General Education Curriculum (GE) for more information.

One Writing Intensive (WI) elective must be selected to satisfy degree requirements. Please see adviser for a list of eligible courses.

(WI) Refers to a writing intensive course within the major.

Please see Wellness Education Requirement for more information. Students completing bachelor's degrees are required to complete two different Wellness courses.

List A: Biotechnology and Molecular Bioscience Program Electives

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Course
BIOL-220	Biology of Fungi and Insects
This course provides a foundational understanding of fungal and insect biology. The first half of the semester will explore fugal cell biology, diversity, and reproduction, the role of fungi as pathogens and beneficial symbiotes, and fungal interactions with humans. The second half of the semester will explore insect morphology, physiology, reproduction, and the interaction of insects with other organisms (e.g., plants, fungi, humans, and other animals). (Prerequisites: BIOL-102 or BIOL-122 or BIOL-123 or equivalent course.) Lecture 3 (Fall).
BIOL-265	Evolutionary Biology (WI-PR)
This course investigates the historical framework of evolutionary biology and the meaning ature of evidence pertinent to biological evolution. Topics will include: earth history, the evolution of proteins and the genetic code, molecular evolution, neutral theory vs. selection, genetic variation, natural selection, migration, mutation, genetic drift, fitness, population dynamics and genetics, speciation, systematics and classification systems, molecular phylogenetics, the evolution of eukaryotic organisms, behavioral evolution, historical biogeography, and human evolution and variation. (Prerequisites: (BIOL-101 and BIOL-102 and BIOL-103 and BIOL-104) or (BIOL-121 and BIOL-122) or (BIOL-123 and BIOL-124 and BIOL-125 and BIOL-126) or equivalent courses.) Lecture 3 (Fall).
BIOL-305	Plants, Medicine and Technology
Plants have played a significant role in the shaping of our world. This course will explore the utilization of plants for foods, fuels, materials, medicine, novel genetic information, and social aspects of different cultures. All cultures depend on about fifteen plant species, most of which have been changed by plant improvement methods to enhance human benefits. This course will explore these changes in important crops, plant constituents used in medicine, and the technology used to produce important plant-produced medicines. (Prerequisite: BIOL-201 or BIOL-202 or BIOL-206 or BIOG-240 or equivalent course.) Lecture 4 (Spring).
BIOL-313	Comparative Animal Physiology
This course is a comparative study of fundamental physiological mechanisms. It covers a broad range of organisms studied from the standpoint of evolution of functional systems, the mechanisms and morphological variations that exist to deal with functional problems posed by the environment, and the special mechanisms used to cope with extreme environments. (Prerequisites: BIOL-240 or BIOL-265 or BIOL-202 or BIOL-206 or BIOG-240 or equivalent course.) Lab 3 (Spring).
BIOL-322	Developmental Biology
This course is a study of the processes of growth, differentiation and development that lead to the mature form of an organism. The course will also address how developmental biology is integrated with other aspects of biology including disease, ecology, and evolution. (Prerequisites: (BIOL-206 and BIOL-216) or BIOL-201 or BIOL-202 or BIOG-240 or equivalent courses.) Lab 3 (Fall).
BIOL-335	Phage Biology
Viruses that infect bacteria (phages) are ubiquitous wherever their hosts reside– whether in soil, a hot spring or our own digestive tract. Phages are also the most abundant and diverse biological entities, consequently phage research is relevant to health, industry, agriculture, ecology and evolution. Phage Biology is a research-intensive course designed to explore the fundamental properties of phages, how they interact with their bacterial hosts, the major techniques used to characterize them and their applications. Since phage particles are comprised of DNA and protein the techniques employed in this course have relevance to many other biological disciplines. This course will develop both laboratory and analytical skills as students will isolate and characterize mutant phages in a novel model system, becoming mutation sleuths to determine mutation locations and their effect. (Prerequisites: (BIOL-206 and BIOL-216) or BIOL-201 or BIOL-202 or BIOG-240 or equivalent courses.) Lab 3 (Spring).
BIOL-340	Genomics
The overall goal of this course is to familiarize students with the theory and analysis of genomics data. Students will survey topics including the structure, organization, and expression of the genome in a diverse array of organisms ranging from microbes to humans. Students will also become familiar with the analysis of next generation ‘omics-type data through a series of computational activities and problem sets. A hands-on laboratory component will guide students through a rigorous investigation of genomes. (Prerequisites: BIOL-321 or equivalent course.) Lab 3 (Fall).
BIOL-345	Molecular Ecology (WI-PR)
This course explores the biology of populations and communities of organisms using molecular data. As DNA, RNA and proteins are nearly universal between organisms, the principles taught in this course will have wide applications, both within ecology and throughout many sub-disciplines of biology. Furthermore, this course will prepare students to apply the techniques in numerous research fields. The primary literature and worldwide applications of the field of molecular ecology will be incorporated into the course. (Prerequisites: (BIOL-206 and BIOL-216) or BIOL-201 or BIOL-202 or BIOG-240 or equivalent courses.) Lecture 3 (Spring).
BIOL-365	Introduction to Population Genetics
This course consists of a study of DNA, genes, inheritance, genetic variation, genetic architecture, and change within and among populations. Fundamental genetics topics include DNA, gene, and chromosomal structure and function along with, transmission genetics, Mendelian inheritance patterns, sex-linked inheritance, genetic linkage, and the Hardy-Weinberg Principle. Population based topics will include genetic variation, its importance, how it originates and is maintained as well as inbreeding, random mating, mutation, migration, selection, genetic drift, the effects of small population size, fitness, population subdivision, the shifting balance theory, inter-deme selection, kin selection, neutral theory, molecular evolution, molecular clocks, multi-gene families, gene conversion, artificial selection, the genetic basis of quantitative traits and the fundamental theorem of natural selection. (Prerequisites: BIOL-265 or equivalent course.) Lecture 3 (Spring).
BIOL-372	Biology without Walls
Join a team of Life Science students to delve into a real-world field course. We will explore terrestrial, aquatic, invertebrate, vertebrate, plants and fungus together to understand the impacts of climate change and humans on ecosystems from the perspective of a glaciated, protected field site. Learn to work in the field, collect and analyze samples of all kinds, network with scientists, and build a skill set that will prepare you for your future. This course will have online and in person components in the semester, and we will travel to the field site at for an immersive field experience. Students must attend all sessions, including several days at the field site, to earn the credits for this course. Because this is a field-based course, travel to the selected field site is a requirement (e.g. a long-term field station in Northeast Pennsylvania). There will be an additional course fee assessed that will cover your expenses for travel, on site lodging, and food while away from RIT. Questions regarding travel or the fee should be directed to the course instructors. (Prerequisites: (BIOL-206 and BIOL-216) or BIOL-240 or BIOL-265 or equivalent courses.) Activity (Fall).
BIOL-375	Advanced Immunology
This course is an in-depth treatment of the molecular and cellular events associated with innate and adaptive immune responses. The response of the host to the environment of microbes and pathogens will be emphasized. Recognition and response of the host to the infectious agents and the resolution of the disease state will be examined at the cellular and molecular levels. The immune response to tumors will be treated and medical advances in treating neoplastic disease using immunological therapy will be presented. The laboratories will focus on the cellular and molecular techniques employed in the modern immunology laboratory. A laboratory module employing hybridoma techniques will provide an intensive experience with monoclonal antibodies and their use in diagnostics and disease treatment. (Prerequisites: BIOL-201 or BIOL-302 or BIOG-240 or equivalent course.) Lab 3 (Spring).
BIOL-401	Biological Separations: Principles and Practices
This is a laboratory-based course that teaches classic concepts and techniques to enable the use of these techniques to purify small molecules and macromolecules from whole organisms. Detection techniques will include the use of bacterial biosensors, coomassie-blue staining, silver staining, and immunoblot analysis. Separation techniques will include SDS Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis, thin layer chromatography, and paper electrophoresis. Purification techniques will include ammonium sulfate precipitation, affinity chromatography, and thin layer chromatography. (Prerequisites: BIOL-321 or equivalent course.) Lab 3 (Spring).
BIOL-403	Fundamentals of Plant Biochemistry and Pathology
This course is primarily focused on biochemical and pathological aspects of a plant's life. This course provides an understanding of why protein catalysts are important in the field of plant biochemistry and plant pathology. More specifically, the role enzymes play in the basic cellular processes of plant growth and development is presented. Topics related to plant pathology are presented; such as plant disease epidemics, plant diagnosis, plant diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, nematodes, viruses, and plant-pathogen interaction, at the ecological, physiological and genetic level. (Prerequisites: BIOL-321 or equivalent course.) Lab 3 (Fall, Spring).
BIOL-404	Microbiology of Fermentation
Microbial fermentation is a hands-on course that will explore the use of fermented foods by early humans and the eventual control of the fermentative process by human culture. An understanding of the metabolism of fermenting microorganisms will be developed including an appreciation for metabolic engineering, starter cultures, and the genetic engineering of fermenting organisms. The course will also examine various fermentation processes including dairy products, cheese, meat, vegetables, bread, beer, wine, distilled spirits, vinegar, cocoa, and coffee. The course includes a laboratory component. (Prerequisites: BIOL-204 or equivalent course.) Lab 3 (Fall).
BIOL-408	Biology of Cancer (WI-PR)
What are the differences between cancer and normal cells? What cellular pathways and molecular mechanisms do cancer cells exploit to gain proliferative advantage, circumvent programmed cell death pathways and evade the host surveillance system? In this course, students will answer these fundamental questions through activities, class discussion, readings and other assignments. Students will explore how the products of tumor suppressor genes, proto-oncogenes and oncogenes help or hinder the process of tumorigenesis in mammalian cells. Students will gain an understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern cancer cell growth, communication and organization. Students will become familiar with landmark findings and current research in the area of Cancer Biology and will use experimental data to formulate scientific conclusions. Students will participate in several writing assignments to practice scientific writing and learn how to clearly communicate ideas related to Cancer Biology. (Prerequisites: BIOL-201 or BIOL-302 or BIOG-240 or equivalent course.) Lecture 3 (Spring).
BIOL-412	Human Genetics (WI-PR)
The course provides an overview of concepts and applications in human genetics. Topics include classical and complex mechanisms of inheritance, the human genome, human origins & evolution, forensic applications, personalized medicine, and ethical issues. (Prerequisites: BIOL-321 or equivalent course.) Lecture 3 (Fall).
BIOL-414	Animal Nutrition
Students will explore applied topics in companion, agriculture, and wildlife animal nutrition. Emphasis will be placed on an overview of nutrient classes and methods of nutrient analysis, biological nutrient requirements, comparative digestive strategies, and specialized adaptations of animal taxa with different feeding strategies. Class discussions will focus on reading and interpretation of primary literature and investigating applied nutritional research questions. (Pre-requisite: BIOL-202 or BIOL-206 or BIOL-212 or BIOL-265 or equivalent course.) Lecture 3 (Fall).
BIOL-415	Virology
This course is an introduction to virology with specific emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of virus infection of eukaryotic cells and virus-cell interactions. Virus structure, genetics, the infectious cycle, replication strategies, pathogenesis, persistence, effects on host macromolecular synthesis, viral oncogenesis, viral vectors, emerging viral diseases, and strategies to protect against and combat viral infection will be discussed. (Prerequisites: BIOL-201 or BIOL-302 or BIOG-240 or equivalent course.) Lecture 3 (Fall).
BIOL-416	Plant Biotechnology
In this course aspects of plant biotechnology will be investigated. Areas of concentration will include: tissue culture, genetic transformation of plant cells, regeneration of transgenic plants, and the construction and characterization of transgenic plants for food production, experimental biology investigations, and novel product(development. The laboratory will provide experiences to complement(the lecture information in plant cell culture and experiences in the use of Agrobacterium as the gene shuttle to introduce novel genetic information into plants. (Prerequisites: BIOL-204 and BIOL-321 and BIOL-327 or equivalent courses.) Lab 3 (Fall).
BIOL-418	Plant Molecular Biology
The course will introduce molecular biology concepts and encourage the application of these concepts to the particular plant gene being studied. This upper-level elective course has a strong laboratory element. Small groups will study different plant genes during the semester. The laboratory element will be a self-paced group project to amplify, clone, sequence, and examine the expression profiles of plant genes. Gene databases such as TAIR and NCBI, as well as sequence analysis software, will be used throughout the course. The groups will be guided to make week-by-week project plans, to troubleshoot problems, and record results in laboratory notebooks. In addition, weekly results and progress will be shared via an interactive wiki. (Prerequisites: (BIOL-206 and BIOL-216) or BIOL-201 or BIOL-202 or BIOG-240 or equivalent courses.) Lab 3 (Spring).
BIOL-420	Bacterial-Host Interactions: Microbiomes of the World
This course focuses on the bacterial and host (human, insect, plant, animals and fungi) mechanisms used in interactions with hosts during both pathogenesis and symbiosis. We will explore molecular, microbiome and genomic levels, drawing on the disciplines of genomics, biochemistry, molecular biology and cell biology. Several of the agonistic and antagonistic interactions will illustrate broader principles and contribute to our fundamental understanding of biological processes. The results of these interactions have a strong impact on biological productivity, and so are also ever increasing important in human health. An emphasis will be on the roles of molecules and cell structures in determining the outcome of an interaction. Course is intended to allow students to develop knowledge of host-bacterial interactions at the molecular to organismal level, with an emphasis on several model symbiotic- and patho-systems. Knowledge about bacterial mechanisms use to associate with host organisms and the different strategies bacteria employ to gain entry, damage host tissue and obtain nutrients for growth will be explored. We will also illustrate several mutualistic relationships between eukaryotic hosts with partner symbiotic bacteria. Genomic approaches to describe microbiomes (microbial communities) on host organisms and in environments will also be explored. (Prerequisites: BIOL-204 or equivalent course.) Lecture 3 (Spring, Summer).
BIOL-427	Microbial and Viral Genetics (WI-PR)
The goal of this course is to gain an understanding of the genetic systems of prokaryotes and their viruses. There are two major foci: (1) the mechanisms bacteria and their viruses employ to preserve the integrity of their genomes and regulate gene expression, and (2) the mechanisms by which these entities acquire new genetic material. The relevance of these processes to evolution and the development of new traits that facilitate survival under new environmental conditions (e.g., antibiotic resistance) is highlighted, especially with regard to clinically, industrially and agriculturally important microbes. Molecular processes whose discovery led to the formation of important research and/or biotechnological tools will also be discussed. Students will participate in laboratory projects which highlight important mechanisms, such as transformation, transduction, lysogeny, conjugation and CRIPSR-Cas acquired adaptive immunity. (Prerequisites: (BIOL-206 and BIOL-216) or BIOL-201 or BIOL-202 or BIOG-240 or equivalent courses.) Lab 3 (Fall).
BIOL-428	Eukaryotic Gene Regulation and Disease
This course presents an overview of gene expression in eukaryotic systems, with an emphasis on how disease can result when gene regulation is disrupted. Points of control that are examined include: chromatin structure, transcription initiation, transcript processing, stability and modification, RNA transport, translation initiation, post-translational events, and protein stability. The mechanisms involved in regulating these control points are discussed by exploring specific well studied cases. The significance of these processes is highlighted by a discussion of several diseases that have been shown to be due to defects in gene regulation. (Prerequisites: BIOL-201 or BIOL-302 or BIOG-240 or equivalent course.) Lecture 3 (Spring).
BIOL-441	Genetic Engineering and Synthetic Biology (WI-PR)
This is a laboratory-based course on the introduction to the theoretical basis, laboratory techniques, and applications of genetic manipulations. In the lecture sessions, students will explore the molecular methods, applications of recombinant DNA technology and the issues regarding their use on the effect of genetic engineering in medicine, agriculture, biology, forensics and other areas of technology. The laboratory session has major components: 1) techniques used in the generation of recombinant molecules, 2) use of DNA sequence information and bioinformatics in recombinant DNA applications, 3) use of inducible expression systems for production of biotechnological products, and 4) discussions of potential ethic concerns of genome modifications or enhancements. (Prerequisites: (BIOL-206 and BIOL-216) or BIOL-201 or BIOL-202 or BIOG-240 or equivalent courses.) Lec/Lab 6 (Spring).

>BIOL-460

Infectious Disease: Impact on Society and Culture

This course is an introduction to the probabilistic models and statistical techniques used in computational molecular biology. Examples include Markov models, such as the Jukes-Cantor and Kimura evolutionary models and hidden Markov models, and multivariate models use for discrimination and classification. (Prerequisites: CHMB-402 or BIOL-201 or BIOL-202 or BIOL-206 or BIOG-240. Students may not take and receive credit for BIOL-460 and CHMB-460. If you have earned credit for CHMB-460 or you are currently enrolled in CHMB-460 you may not enroll in BIOL-460.) Lecture 3 (Spring).

BIOL-471

Environmental Microbiology

BIOL-495

Advanced Biology Research

This course is a faculty-directed student project or research involving laboratory or field work, computer modeling, or theoretical calculations that could be considered of an original nature. The level of study is appropriate for students in their final two years of study. (This course requires permission of the Instructor to enroll.) Research (Fall, Spring, Summer).

BIOL-498

Advanced Biology Independent Study

This course is a faculty-directed tutorial of appropriate topics that are not part of the formal curriculum. The level of study is appropriate for student in their final two years of study. (Enrollment in this course requires permission from the department offering the course.) Ind Study (Fall, Spring, Summer).

BIOL-530

Bioinformatics Algorithms

Bioinformatics Algorithms will focus on the types of analyses, tools, and databases that are available and commonly used in Bioinformatics. The labs will apply the lecture material in the analysis of real data through computer programming. (Prerequisites: BIOL-230 and BIOL-327 or equivalent courses.) Lab 2 (Fall).

BIOL-550

High Throughput Sequencing Analysis (WI-PR)

Students will utilize commonly used bioinformatics tools to analyze a real High Throughput Sequencing data set starting with raw data, proceeding with quality control, either aligning to a reference genome or performing de novo assembly, assessing differential gene expression determination, and finally annotating their results. Weekly lab reports will be required, and a group manuscript is expected at the end of the semester. (Prerequisite: BIOL-201 or BIOL-202 or BIOL-206 or BIOG-240 or equivalent course.) Lab 2 (Spring).

BIOL-594

Molecular Modeling and Proteomics

This course will explore two facets of protein molecules: separation and structure. The separation component will address common protein separation techniques such as 2D gel electrophoresis and chromatography. The structure component will follow the levels of protein structures, focusing on both experimental and computational methods to determine protein structures. Methods for determining primary structures such as Edman degradation method, Sanger method and mass spectrometry will be taught in lectures. Algorithms of predicting secondary structures will be introduced and implemented. Tertiary structure determination techniques such as NMR will be covered, with an emphasis on proton NMR, 13C NMR and multi-dimensional NMR. Homology modeling will be used to predict protein tertiary structures. (Prerequisite: BIOL-327 or equivalent course.) Lab 2 (Spring).

BIOL-599

Research Based Writing (WI-PR)

This course is intended for students with significant research experience to work closely with their faculty mentors to prepare a manuscript for publication or write a proposal for external funding. Students will devote significant time to writing, revision and peer review. A submission-quality manuscript or proposal is expected at the end of the semester. (Prerequisites: BIOL-495 or BIOL-570 or equivalent course and permission of instructor.) Research 3 (Fall, Spring, Summer).

BIOL-601

Genetic Disease and Disorders

The identification of genetic causes of disease has been one of the major modern scientific breakthroughs. This course examines a range of inherited diseases, how causative genetic variations were or are being identified, and what this means for the treatment of the diseases. Scientific literature will be utilized, both current and historical. (Prerequisites: BIOL-321 or equivalent course or graduate student standing.) Lecture 3 (Spring).

BIOL-625

Ethics in Bioinformatics

This course will be focused on individual and organizational responsibilities in bioinformatics research, product development, product commercialization and clinical and consumer genetic testing. (This course is restricted to students in the BIOINFO-MS, BIOINFO-BS/MS program.) Lecture 3 (Fall).

BIOL-694

Molecular Modeling and Proteomics

This course will explore two facets of protein molecules: their separation and their structure. The structure component will build upon information from earlier bioinformatics courses. Protein separation techniques will be addressed in lectures with descriptions of 2D gel electrophoresis and chromatography. Algorithms of protein secondary structure prediction will be implemented. Experimental techniques for tertiary structure determination such as NMR will be covered. The course will also include the analysis of inter-molecular interactions, such as ligand/receptor pairing, by employing software that permits modeling of molecular docking experiments. (Prerequisite: BIOL-327 or equivalent course or student standing in BIOINFO-MS.) Lab 2 (Spring).

CHMA-650

Separations and Mass Spectroscopy in Biological Chemistry

This course will teach state of the art chemical separations and methods which are coupled to mass spectroscopy for the modern analysis of pharmaceutical and biotechnology samples in industrial and academic laboratories. These include gas chromatography (GC, GC-MS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, LC-MS), solid phase extraction (SPE and SPME), size exclusion/gel permeation (SEC, GPC), and ion exchange chromatography (IXC). Aspects of mass spectroscopy including ionization methods of electron impact (EI), chemical ionization (CI), positive and negative electrospray (ES+, ES-), APCI, and MALDI and techniques involving single and multiple ion/reaction methods (SIM, SRM, MRM) will be included. The separation and analysis of peptides, proteins and pharmaceuticals by LC and LC-MS will be a major focus. Isolation of drug metabolites from serum by SPE followed by HPLC analysis or using size exclusion chromatography to separate biomolecules, or labeling a peptide with a near infrared (NIR) dye are examples of important skills that are learned. (Prerequisites: (CHMG-111 or CHMG-131 or CHMG-141 or CHEM-151) and (CHMG-145 or CHEM-155) and (CHMO-231 or CHMO-331) or equivalent courses.) Lab 3 (Spring).

MEDS-313

Introduction to Infectious Diseases

This is an advanced course in the mechanisms by which bacteria and fungi cause disease in humans. The course topics include the clinical signs of each disease, diagnosis of each disease, pathogenic mechanisms used by the organisms to cause disease, treatment of the disease, and prevention of the disease. The laboratory component of this course will consist of a mixture of methodologies used in the identification of the infectious agents, evaluation of the host response to the infection, case studies, student presentations of articles related to infectious disease and other assignments aimed at deepening the understanding the infectious disease process. (Prerequisites: (BIOL-123 and BIOL-125 and BIOL-124 and BIOL-126) or (BIOL-101 and BIOL-102 and BIOL-103 and BIOL-104) or (BIOL-121 and BIOL-122) or (MEDG-101 and MEDG-102 and MEDG-103 and MEDG-104) or equivalent courses.) Lecture 3 (Fall).

MEDS-530

Human Immunology

Introduction to the fundamental facts and concepts on immunology to include: innate and adaptive immunity; cells, molecules, tissues and organs of the immune "system"; cell communication and interaction; antibody structure and function; and the application of these concepts to infectious diseases, vaccine design, autoimmune diseases, cancer, transplantation, regulation of the immune response, allergic reactions and immunosuppression. Students will gain an understanding of immunological principles and techniques, and their application to contemporary research, with results from instructor’s research laboratory (Prerequisites: (BIOL-101 and BIOL-102) or (BIOL-121 and BIOL-122) or (BIOL-123 and BIOL-125 and BIOL-124 and BIOL-126) or (MEDS-250 and MEDS-251) or equivalent courses.) Lecture 3 (Fall).

List B: Biotechnology and Molecular Bioscience Program Lab Electives

Course
BIOL-313	Comparative Animal Physiology
This course is a comparative study of fundamental physiological mechanisms. It covers a broad range of organisms studied from the standpoint of evolution of functional systems, the mechanisms and morphological variations that exist to deal with functional problems posed by the environment, and the special mechanisms used to cope with extreme environments. (Prerequisites: BIOL-240 or BIOL-265 or BIOL-202 or BIOL-206 or BIOG-240 or equivalent course.) Lab 3 (Spring).
BIOL-322	Developmental Biology
This course is a study of the processes of growth, differentiation and development that lead to the mature form of an organism. The course will also address how developmental biology is integrated with other aspects of biology including disease, ecology, and evolution. (Prerequisites: (BIOL-206 and BIOL-216) or BIOL-201 or BIOL-202 or BIOG-240 or equivalent courses.) Lab 3 (Fall).
BIOL-335	Phage Biology
Viruses that infect bacteria (phages) are ubiquitous wherever their hosts reside– whether in soil, a hot spring or our own digestive tract. Phages are also the most abundant and diverse biological entities, consequently phage research is relevant to health, industry, agriculture, ecology and evolution. Phage Biology is a research-intensive course designed to explore the fundamental properties of phages, how they interact with their bacterial hosts, the major techniques used to characterize them and their applications. Since phage particles are comprised of DNA and protein the techniques employed in this course have relevance to many other biological disciplines. This course will develop both laboratory and analytical skills as students will isolate and characterize mutant phages in a novel model system, becoming mutation sleuths to determine mutation locations and their effect. (Prerequisites: (BIOL-206 and BIOL-216) or BIOL-201 or BIOL-202 or BIOG-240 or equivalent courses.) Lab 3 (Spring).
BIOL-340	Genomics
The overall goal of this course is to familiarize students with the theory and analysis of genomics data. Students will survey topics including the structure, organization, and expression of the genome in a diverse array of organisms ranging from microbes to humans. Students will also become familiar with the analysis of next generation ‘omics-type data through a series of computational activities and problem sets. A hands-on laboratory component will guide students through a rigorous investigation of genomes. (Prerequisites: BIOL-321 or equivalent course.) Lab 3 (Fall).
BIOL-372	Biology without Walls
Join a team of Life Science students to delve into a real-world field course. We will explore terrestrial, aquatic, invertebrate, vertebrate, plants and fungus together to understand the impacts of climate change and humans on ecosystems from the perspective of a glaciated, protected field site. Learn to work in the field, collect and analyze samples of all kinds, network with scientists, and build a skill set that will prepare you for your future. This course will have online and in person components in the semester, and we will travel to the field site at for an immersive field experience. Students must attend all sessions, including several days at the field site, to earn the credits for this course. Because this is a field-based course, travel to the selected field site is a requirement (e.g. a long-term field station in Northeast Pennsylvania). There will be an additional course fee assessed that will cover your expenses for travel, on site lodging, and food while away from RIT. Questions regarding travel or the fee should be directed to the course instructors. (Prerequisites: (BIOL-206 and BIOL-216) or BIOL-240 or BIOL-265 or equivalent courses.) Activity (Fall).
BIOL-375	Advanced Immunology
This course is an in-depth treatment of the molecular and cellular events associated with innate and adaptive immune responses. The response of the host to the environment of microbes and pathogens will be emphasized. Recognition and response of the host to the infectious agents and the resolution of the disease state will be examined at the cellular and molecular levels. The immune response to tumors will be treated and medical advances in treating neoplastic disease using immunological therapy will be presented. The laboratories will focus on the cellular and molecular techniques employed in the modern immunology laboratory. A laboratory module employing hybridoma techniques will provide an intensive experience with monoclonal antibodies and their use in diagnostics and disease treatment. (Prerequisites: BIOL-201 or BIOL-302 or BIOG-240 or equivalent course.) Lab 3 (Spring).
BIOL-401	Biological Separations: Principles and Practices
This is a laboratory-based course that teaches classic concepts and techniques to enable the use of these techniques to purify small molecules and macromolecules from whole organisms. Detection techniques will include the use of bacterial biosensors, coomassie-blue staining, silver staining, and immunoblot analysis. Separation techniques will include SDS Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis, thin layer chromatography, and paper electrophoresis. Purification techniques will include ammonium sulfate precipitation, affinity chromatography, and thin layer chromatography. (Prerequisites: BIOL-321 or equivalent course.) Lab 3 (Spring).
BIOL-403	Fundamentals of Plant Biochemistry and Pathology
This course is primarily focused on biochemical and pathological aspects of a plant's life. This course provides an understanding of why protein catalysts are important in the field of plant biochemistry and plant pathology. More specifically, the role enzymes play in the basic cellular processes of plant growth and development is presented. Topics related to plant pathology are presented; such as plant disease epidemics, plant diagnosis, plant diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, nematodes, viruses, and plant-pathogen interaction, at the ecological, physiological and genetic level. (Prerequisites: BIOL-321 or equivalent course.) Lab 3 (Fall, Spring).
BIOL-404	Microbiology of Fermentation
Microbial fermentation is a hands-on course that will explore the use of fermented foods by early humans and the eventual control of the fermentative process by human culture. An understanding of the metabolism of fermenting microorganisms will be developed including an appreciation for metabolic engineering, starter cultures, and the genetic engineering of fermenting organisms. The course will also examine various fermentation processes including dairy products, cheese, meat, vegetables, bread, beer, wine, distilled spirits, vinegar, cocoa, and coffee. The course includes a laboratory component. (Prerequisites: BIOL-204 or equivalent course.) Lab 3 (Fall).
BIOL-416	Plant Biotechnology
In this course aspects of plant biotechnology will be investigated. Areas of concentration will include: tissue culture, genetic transformation of plant cells, regeneration of transgenic plants, and the construction and characterization of transgenic plants for food production, experimental biology investigations, and novel product(development. The laboratory will provide experiences to complement(the lecture information in plant cell culture and experiences in the use of Agrobacterium as the gene shuttle to introduce novel genetic information into plants. (Prerequisites: BIOL-204 and BIOL-321 and BIOL-327 or equivalent courses.) Lab 3 (Fall).
BIOL-418	Plant Molecular Biology
The course will introduce molecular biology concepts and encourage the application of these concepts to the particular plant gene being studied. This upper-level elective course has a strong laboratory element. Small groups will study different plant genes during the semester. The laboratory element will be a self-paced group project to amplify, clone, sequence, and examine the expression profiles of plant genes. Gene databases such as TAIR and NCBI, as well as sequence analysis software, will be used throughout the course. The groups will be guided to make week-by-week project plans, to troubleshoot problems, and record results in laboratory notebooks. In addition, weekly results and progress will be shared via an interactive wiki. (Prerequisites: (BIOL-206 and BIOL-216) or BIOL-201 or BIOL-202 or BIOG-240 or equivalent courses.) Lab 3 (Spring).
BIOL-427	Microbial and Viral Genetics (WI-PR)
The goal of this course is to gain an understanding of the genetic systems of prokaryotes and their viruses. There are two major foci: (1) the mechanisms bacteria and their viruses employ to preserve the integrity of their genomes and regulate gene expression, and (2) the mechanisms by which these entities acquire new genetic material. The relevance of these processes to evolution and the development of new traits that facilitate survival under new environmental conditions (e.g., antibiotic resistance) is highlighted, especially with regard to clinically, industrially and agriculturally important microbes. Molecular processes whose discovery led to the formation of important research and/or biotechnological tools will also be discussed. Students will participate in laboratory projects which highlight important mechanisms, such as transformation, transduction, lysogeny, conjugation and CRIPSR-Cas acquired adaptive immunity. (Prerequisites: (BIOL-206 and BIOL-216) or BIOL-201 or BIOL-202 or BIOG-240 or equivalent courses.) Lab 3 (Fall).
BIOL-441	Genetic Engineering and Synthetic Biology (WI-PR)
This is a laboratory-based course on the introduction to the theoretical basis, laboratory techniques, and applications of genetic manipulations. In the lecture sessions, students will explore the molecular methods, applications of recombinant DNA technology and the issues regarding their use on the effect of genetic engineering in medicine, agriculture, biology, forensics and other areas of technology. The laboratory session has major components: 1) techniques used in the generation of recombinant molecules, 2) use of DNA sequence information and bioinformatics in recombinant DNA applications, 3) use of inducible expression systems for production of biotechnological products, and 4) discussions of potential ethic concerns of genome modifications or enhancements. (Prerequisites: (BIOL-206 and BIOL-216) or BIOL-201 or BIOL-202 or BIOG-240 or equivalent courses.) Lec/Lab 6 (Spring).
BIOL-471	Environmental Microbiology
BIOL-495	Advanced Biology Research
This course is a faculty-directed student project or research involving laboratory or field work, computer modeling, or theoretical calculations that could be considered of an original nature. The level of study is appropriate for students in their final two years of study. (This course requires permission of the Instructor to enroll.) Research (Fall, Spring, Summer).
BIOL-550	High Throughput Sequencing Analysis (WI-PR)
Students will utilize commonly used bioinformatics tools to analyze a real High Throughput Sequencing data set starting with raw data, proceeding with quality control, either aligning to a reference genome or performing de novo assembly, assessing differential gene expression determination, and finally annotating their results. Weekly lab reports will be required, and a group manuscript is expected at the end of the semester. (Prerequisite: BIOL-201 or BIOL-202 or BIOL-206 or BIOG-240 or equivalent course.) Lab 2 (Spring).
BIOL-594	Molecular Modeling and Proteomics
This course will explore two facets of protein molecules: separation and structure. The separation component will address common protein separation techniques such as 2D gel electrophoresis and chromatography. The structure component will follow the levels of protein structures, focusing on both experimental and computational methods to determine protein structures. Methods for determining primary structures such as Edman degradation method, Sanger method and mass spectrometry will be taught in lectures. Algorithms of predicting secondary structures will be introduced and implemented. Tertiary structure determination techniques such as NMR will be covered, with an emphasis on proton NMR, 13C NMR and multi-dimensional NMR. Homology modeling will be used to predict protein tertiary structures. (Prerequisite: BIOL-327 or equivalent course.) Lab 2 (Spring).
BIOL-599	Research Based Writing (WI-PR)
This course is intended for students with significant research experience to work closely with their faculty mentors to prepare a manuscript for publication or write a proposal for external funding. Students will devote significant time to writing, revision and peer review. A submission-quality manuscript or proposal is expected at the end of the semester. (Prerequisites: BIOL-495 or BIOL-570 or equivalent course and permission of instructor.) Research 3 (Fall, Spring, Summer).
BIOL-601	Genetic Disease and Disorders
The identification of genetic causes of disease has been one of the major modern scientific breakthroughs. This course examines a range of inherited diseases, how causative genetic variations were or are being identified, and what this means for the treatment of the diseases. Scientific literature will be utilized, both current and historical. (Prerequisites: BIOL-321 or equivalent course or graduate student standing.) Lecture 3 (Spring).
BIOL-625	Ethics in Bioinformatics
This course will be focused on individual and organizational responsibilities in bioinformatics research, product development, product commercialization and clinical and consumer genetic testing. (This course is restricted to students in the BIOINFO-MS, BIOINFO-BS/MS program.) Lecture 3 (Fall).
BIOL-694	Molecular Modeling and Proteomics
This course will explore two facets of protein molecules: their separation and their structure. The structure component will build upon information from earlier bioinformatics courses. Protein separation techniques will be addressed in lectures with descriptions of 2D gel electrophoresis and chromatography. Algorithms of protein secondary structure prediction will be implemented. Experimental techniques for tertiary structure determination such as NMR will be covered. The course will also include the analysis of inter-molecular interactions, such as ligand/receptor pairing, by employing software that permits modeling of molecular docking experiments. (Prerequisite: BIOL-327 or equivalent course or student standing in BIOINFO-MS.) Lab 2 (Spring).
CHMA-650	Separations and Mass Spectroscopy in Biological Chemistry
This course will teach state of the art chemical separations and methods which are coupled to mass spectroscopy for the modern analysis of pharmaceutical and biotechnology samples in industrial and academic laboratories. These include gas chromatography (GC, GC-MS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, LC-MS), solid phase extraction (SPE and SPME), size exclusion/gel permeation (SEC, GPC), and ion exchange chromatography (IXC). Aspects of mass spectroscopy including ionization methods of electron impact (EI), chemical ionization (CI), positive and negative electrospray (ES+, ES-), APCI, and MALDI and techniques involving single and multiple ion/reaction methods (SIM, SRM, MRM) will be included. The separation and analysis of peptides, proteins and pharmaceuticals by LC and LC-MS will be a major focus. Isolation of drug metabolites from serum by SPE followed by HPLC analysis or using size exclusion chromatography to separate biomolecules, or labeling a peptide with a near infrared (NIR) dye are examples of important skills that are learned. (Prerequisites: (CHMG-111 or CHMG-131 or CHMG-141 or CHEM-151) and (CHMG-145 or CHEM-155) and (CHMO-231 or CHMO-331) or equivalent courses.) Lab 3 (Spring).

Combined Accelerated Bachelor's/Master's Degrees

The curriculum below outlines the typical course sequence(s) for combined accelerated degrees available with this bachelor's degree.

Biotechnology and Molecular Bioscience, BS degree/Bioinformatics, MS degree, typical course sequence

Course		Sem. Cr. Hrs.
First Year
BIOL-123	Introduction to Biology: Organisms and Ecosystems	3
This course serves as an introduction to biology for majors, focusing on the organismal, population, and ecosystem levels. Major themes include: evolution, structure and function, information flow and storage, pathways and transformations of energy and matter, and systems. The course also focuses on developing core competencies, such as applying the process of science, using quantitative reasoning, communicating, and collaborating. Lecture 3 (Fall).
BIOL-124	Introduction to Biology: Molecules and Cells	3
This course serves as an introduction to biology for majors, focusing on the molecular and cellular level. Major themes include: evolution, structure and function, information flow and storage, pathways and transformations of energy and matter, and systems. The course also focuses on developing core competencies, such as applying the process of science, using quantitative reasoning, communicating, and collaborating. Lecture 3 (Spring).
BIOL-125	Introduction to Biology Laboratory: Organisms and Ecosystems	1
This course is an introduction to laboratory work in life sciences. The laboratory work is project-based, and may involve field work as well as laboratory experiments. The course is designed to show the huge scope of biology and will encompass how some molecular biology and bioinformatics techniques connect with organismal and ecological biology. (Co-requisites: BIOL-123 or equivalent course.) Lab 3 (Fall).
BIOL-126	Introduction to Biology Laboratory: Molecules and Cells	1
This course is an introduction to laboratory work in life sciences. The laboratory work is project based, and the subject matter of the project(s) may vary. The course is designed to show the huge scope of biology and will encompass some molecular biology and bioinformatics techniques connect with organismal and ecological biology. (Co-requisites: BIOL-124 or equivalent course.) Lab 3 (Spring).
CHMG-141	General & Analytical Chemistry I (General Education – Natural Science Inquiry Perspective)	3
This is a general chemistry course for students in the life and physical sciences. College chemistry is presented as a science based on empirical evidence that is placed into the context of conceptual, visual, and mathematical models. Students will learn the concepts, symbolism, and fundamental tools of chemistry necessary to carry on a discourse in the language of chemistry. Emphasis will be placed on the relationship between atomic structure, chemical bonds, and the transformation of these bonds through chemical reactions. The fundamentals of organic chemistry are introduced throughout the course to emphasize the connection between chemistry and the other sciences. Lecture 3 (Fall, Spring, Summer).
CHMG-142	General & Analytical Chemistry II (General Education – Scientific Principles Perspective)	3
The course covers the thermodynamics and kinetics of chemical reactions. The relationship between energy and entropy change as the driving force of chemical processes is emphasized through the study of aqueous solutions. Specifically, the course takes a quantitative look at: 1) solubility equilibrium, 2) acid-base equilibrium, 3) oxidation-reduction reactions and 4) chemical kinetics. (Prerequisites: CHMG-141 or CHMG-131 or equivalent course.) Lecture 3 (Fall, Spring, Summer).
CHMG-145	General & Analytical Chemistry I Lab (General Education – Natural Science Inquiry Perspective)	1
The course combines hands-on laboratory exercises with workshop-style problem sessions to complement the CHMG-141 lecture material. The course emphasizes laboratory techniques and data analysis skills. Topics include: gravimetric, volumetric, thermal, titration and spectrophotometric analyses, and the use of these techniques to analyze chemical reactions. (Corequisite: CHMG-141 or CHMG-131 or equivalent course.) Lab 3 (Fall, Spring, Summer).
CHMG-146	General & Analytical Chemistry II Lab (General Education – Scientific Principles Perspective)	1
The course combines hands-on laboratory exercises with workshop-style problem sessions to complement the CHMG-142 lecture material. The course emphasizes the use of experiments as a tool for chemical analysis and the reporting of results in formal lab reports. Topics include the quantitative analysis of a multicomponent mixture using complexation and double endpoint titration, pH measurement, buffers and pH indicators, the kinetic study of a redox reaction, and the electrochemical analysis of oxidation reduction reactions. (Prerequisites: CHMG-131 or CHMG-141 or equivalent course. Corequisites: CHMG-142 or equivalent course.) Lab 3 (Fall, Spring, Summer).
MATH-161	Applied Calculus (General Education – Mathematical Perspective A)	4
This course is an introduction to the study of differential and integral calculus, including the study of functions and graphs, limits, continuity, the derivative, derivative formulas, applications of derivatives, the definite integral, the fundamental theorem of calculus, basic techniques of integral approximation, exponential and logarithmic functions, basic techniques of integration, an introduction to differential equations, and geometric series. Applications in business, management sciences, and life sciences will be included with an emphasis on manipulative skills. (Prerequisite: C- or better in MATH-101, MATH-111, MATH-131, NMTH-260, NMTH-272 or NMTH-275 or Math Placement Exam score greater than or equal to 45.) Lecture 4 (Fall, Spring).
YOPS-10	RIT 365: RIT Connections	0
RIT 365 students participate in experiential learning opportunities designed to launch them into their career at RIT, support them in making multiple and varied connections across the university, and immerse them in processes of competency development. Students will plan for and reflect on their first-year experiences, receive feedback, and develop a personal plan for future action in order to develop foundational self-awareness and recognize broad-based professional competencies. Lecture 1 (Fall, Spring).
	General Education – Artistic Perspective	3
	General Education – Social Perspective	3
	General Education – First-Year Writing (WI)	3
Second Year
BIOL-206	Molecular Biology	3
This course will address the fundamental concepts of Molecular Biology. Class discussions, assignments, and projects will explore the structure and function of biologically important molecules (DNA, RNA and proteins) in a variety of cellular and molecular processes. Students in this course will explore the molecular interactions that facilitate the storage, maintenance and repair of DNA and processes that drive the flow of genetic information and evolution. Students in this course will gain an understanding of various molecular mechanisms, structure/function relationships, and processes as they relate to molecular biology. The foundational molecular concepts in this course will be built upon in a variety of upper-level biology courses. (Prerequisite:(BIOL-101,BIOL-102,BIOL-103&BIOL-104) or (BIOL-121&BIOL-122) or (BIOL-123,BIOL-124,BIOL-125&BIOL-126)or equivalent courses with a grade of C- or higher. Co-requisite:(CHMG-141&CHMG-145)or(CHEM-151&CHEM-155) or CHMG-131 or equivalent courses.) Lecture 3 (Fall, Spring).
BIOL-216	Molecular Biology Laboratory	1
This laboratory course will address the fundamental concepts of Molecular Biology. Students in this laboratory will complement their understanding of core concepts in Molecular Biology through the implementation and practice of laboratory techniques used by Molecular Biologists. Laboratory techniques and projects will focus on recombinant DNA technology and the detection and tracking of biomolecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins. (Prerequisite:(BIOL-101&BIOL-102&BIOL-103&BIOL-104)or(BIOL-121&BIOL-122)or(BIOL-123&BIOL-124&BIOL-125&BIOL-126)or equivalent courses w/ grade of C- or higher. Co-requisite:BIOL-206&((CHMG-141&CHMG-145)or(CHEM-151&CHEM-155)orCHMG-131)or equivalent courses.) Lab 3 (Fall, Spring).
BIOL-302	Cell Biology	3
This course will address the fundamental concepts of cell biology. Class discussions, assignments, and laboratory projects will 1) Explore the structure-function relationships that drive cellular processes at the molecular, cellular and tissue level. 2) Investigate the mechanisms of cellular signaling and the transmission of genetic information. 3) Examine energy transformation strategies and the biochemical pathways used for synthesis and breakdown of ATP and other important biomolecules. 4) Investigate the organizational strategies used by cells to form functional tissue and organ systems. (Prerequisites: (BIOL-206 and BIOL-216) or BIOL-201 or BIOL-202 or BIOG-240 or equivalent courses.) Lecture 3 (Spring).
BIOL-311	Introduction to Microbiology	4
BIOL-315	Tissue Culture Laboratory	1
This course will address the fundamental skills and concepts required to culture and maintain mammalian cells in culture. Laboratory discussions, assignments and projects will allow students to develop basic eukaryotic tissue culture techniques and explore tissue culture techniques in modern research and medical applications. (Prerequisites: (BIOL-206 and BIOL-216) or BIOL-201 or BIOL-202 or BIOG-240 or equivalent courses. Co-requisite: BIOL-302 or equivalent course.) Lab 3 (Spring).
BIOL-499	Biology Co-op*
Cooperative education experience for undergraduate biological sciences students. CO OP (Fall, Spring, Summer).
CHMO-231	Organic Chemistry I (General Education)	3
This course is a study of the structure, nomenclature, reactions and synthesis of the following functional groups: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes. This course also introduces chemical bonding, IR and NMR spectroscopy, acid and base reactions, stereochemistry, nucleophilic substitution reactions, and alkene and alkyne reactions. In addition, the course provides an introduction to the use of mechanisms in describing and predicting organic reactions. (Prerequisites: CHMG-142 or CHMG-131 or equivalent course. Corequisites: CHMO-235 or equivalent course.) Lecture 3 (Fall, Spring, Summer).
CHMO-232	Organic Chemistry II (General Education)	3
This course is a continuation of the study of the structure, nomenclature, reactions and synthesis of the following functional groups: aromatic systems, alcohols, ethers, epoxides, and carbonyls. This course will introduce the use of mechanisms in describing and predicting organic reactions. (Prerequisites: CHMO-231 or CHMO-331 or equivalent course. Corequisites: CHMO-236 or equivalent course.) Lecture 3 (Fall, Spring).
CHMO-235	Organic Chemistry Lab I (General Education)	1
This course trains students to perform techniques important in an organic chemistry lab. The course also covers reactions from the accompanying lecture CHMO-231. (Corequisite: CHMO-231 or equivalent course.) Lab 3 (Fall, Spring, Summer).
CHMO-236	Organic Chemistry Lab II (General Education)	1
This course teaches students to apply basic lab techniques to organic synthetic experiments reactions covered in the accompanying lecture COS-CHMO-232. This course will also help students to solidify the concepts taught in lecture. The course will continue to instruct students in maintaining a professional lab notebook. (Prerequisites: CHMO-235 or equivalent course. Corequisites: CHMO-232 or equivalent course.) Lab 3 (Fall, Spring).
		3
STAT-145	Introduction to Statistics I (General Education – Mathematical Perspective B)
This course introduces statistical methods of extracting meaning from data, and basic inferential statistics. Topics covered include data and data integrity, exploratory data analysis, data visualization, numeric summary measures, the normal distribution, sampling distributions, confidence intervals, and hypothesis testing. The emphasis of the course is on statistical thinking rather than computation. Statistical software is used. (Prerequisite: MATH-101 or MATH-111 or NMTH-260 or NMTH-272 or NMTH-275 or a math placement exam score of at least 35.) Lecture 3 (Fall, Spring, Summer).
STAT-155	Introduction to Biostatistics (General Education – Mathematical Perspective B)
	General Education – Ethical Perspective	3
	General Education – Global Perspective	3
Third Year
BIOL-321	Genetics	3
Introduction to the principles of inheritance; the study of genes and chromosomes at molecular, cellular, organismal, and population levels. (Prerequisites: (BIOL-206 and BIOL-216) or BIOL-201 or BIOL-202 or BIOG-240 or equivalent courses.) Lecture 3 (Fall, Spring, Summer).
BIOL-327	Fundamentals of Bioinformatics Analysis	3
This course addresses the fundamental concepts of bioinformatics, focusing on computational analysis of nucleic acids and proteins. Utilization of computational programs for analysis of individual and multiple sequences for functional and evolutionary information will be discussed. The computational laboratory will highlight the applications available for analysis of molecular sequences. (Prerequisite: BIOL-201 or BIOL-202 or BIOL-206 or BIOG-240 or equivalent course.) Lecture 2 (Fall).
CHMB-402	Biochemistry I (General Education)	3
This course introduces the structure and function of biological macromolecules and their metabolic pathways. The relationship between the three-dimensional structure of proteins and their function in enzymatic catalysis will be examined. Membrane structure and the physical laws that apply to metabolic processes will also be discussed. (Prerequisite: CHMO-231 or CHMO-331 or equivalent course.) Lecture 3 (Fall, Spring, Summer).
	Program Electives	10
	Open Electives	6
	Program Elective (WI-PR)	3
	General Education – Immersion 1	3
Fourth Year
BIOL-500	Experiential Learning Requirement in Life Science	0
The experiential learning (EL) requirement may be fulfilled through a variety of methods including co-op, undergraduate research, summer research experiences, study abroad relevant to the major, designated EL courses, etc. All experiences must be approved by the GSOLS EL Committee. Lecture (Fall, Spring, Summer).
BIOL-625	Ethics in Bioinformatics	3
This course will be focused on individual and organizational responsibilities in bioinformatics research, product development, product commercialization and clinical and consumer genetic testing. (This course is restricted to students in the BIOINFO-MS, BIOINFO-BS/MS program.) Lecture 3 (Fall).
BIOL-694	Molecular Model and Proteomics	3
This course will explore two facets of protein molecules: their separation and their structure. The structure component will build upon information from earlier bioinformatics courses. Protein separation techniques will be addressed in lectures with descriptions of 2D gel electrophoresis and chromatography. Algorithms of protein secondary structure prediction will be implemented. Experimental techniques for tertiary structure determination such as NMR will be covered. The course will also include the analysis of inter-molecular interactions, such as ligand/receptor pairing, by employing software that permits modeling of molecular docking experiments. (Prerequisite: BIOL-327 or equivalent course or student standing in BIOINFO-MS.) Lab 2 (Spring).
BIOL-790	Research and Thesis	2
Masters-level research by the candidate on an appropriate topic as arranged between the candidate and the research advisor. (This course requires permission of the Instructor to enroll.) Thesis (Fall, Spring, Summer).
	Program Electives	11
	General Education – Immersion 2, 3	6
	Open Electives	6
	General Education – Elective	3
Fifth Year
BIOL-630	Bioinformatics Algorithms	3
Bioinformatics Algorithms will focus on the types of analyses, tools, and databases that are available and commonly used in Bioinformatics. The labs will apply the lecture material in the analysis of real data through computer programming. (This course is restricted to students in the BIOINFO-MS, BIOINFO-BS/MS program.) Lab 3 (Fall).
BIOL-635	Bioinformatics Seminar	3
The course provides opportunities for students and faculty to develop and share professional interests while discussing current trends and developments in bioinformatics. Material for this course will be drawn from the current scientific literature. (This course is restricted to students in the BIOINFO-MS, BIOINFO-BS/MS program.) Lecture 3 (Fall).
BIOL-672	Computational Statistics and Data Science Methods	3
This course will introduce traditional multivariate statistical methods and multi-model inference, as well as iterative computational algorithms (i.e. Bayesian methods and machine learning) appropriate for graduate students conducting or planning to conduct a graduate research project. The course will focus on the proper application of methods to a sample data sets using statistical programming software and graphics and will forego the more in-depth analytical mathematical exposition that you might see in a math course, so that we can cover a larger variety of methods and spend more time implementing them in code. Practical examples will often derive from the fields of biology, environmental science, or medicine, however the statistical methods we cover will also have much broader application within modern data science. The ultimate goal will be to learn when and where to correctly apply a given method to real questions about real data. Class time will be devoted to introductory lecture, programming language demonstrations with a common dataset, and open discussions of potential applications, including in-class studio hours to help with homework. Students should be prepared to learn to write code scripts that will manipulate statistical tests and graphical output. However, no background experience with programming is assumed. All software used in the course is open-source and students will be required to set up and run weekly assignments on their own laptop computer or on a computer borrowed from the library or RIT’s computer lab. (Prerequisites: STAT-145 or equivalent course or graduate student standing.) Lecture 2 (Fall, Spring).
BIOL-790	Research and Thesis	4
Masters-level research by the candidate on an appropriate topic as arranged between the candidate and the research advisor. (This course requires permission of the Instructor to enroll.) Thesis (Fall, Spring, Summer).
	Graduate Electives†	9
Total Semester Credit Hours		145

*Biology Co-op for co-op track students only.

Please see General Education Curriculum (GE) for more information.

(WI) Refers to a writing intensive course within the major.

* Please see Wellness Education Requirement for more information. Students completing bachelor's degrees are required to complete two different wellness courses.

† Any graduate level course deemed related to the field of bioinformatics by the program director.

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Biotechnology and Molecular Bioscience

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Biotechnology and Molecular Bioscience Bachelor of Science Degree

Overview

Why Study Biotechnology at RIT

Curriculum

Biotechnology and Molecular Bioscience, BS degree, typical course sequence

List A: Biotechnology and Molecular Bioscience Program Electives

List B: Biotechnology and Molecular Bioscience Program Lab Electives

Combined Accelerated Bachelor's/Master's Degrees

Biotechnology and Molecular Bioscience, BS degree/Bioinformatics, MS degree, typical course sequence

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Real-World Experiences Through Biotechnology Research

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Combined Accelerated Bachelor’s/Master’s Degrees

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Salary and Career Information for Biotechnology and Molecular Bioscience BS

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Rochester Institute of Technology (Dubai)

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Biotechnology and Molecular Bioscience, BS degree, typical course sequence

List A: Biotechnology and Molecular Bioscience Program Electives

List B: Biotechnology and Molecular Bioscience Program Lab Electives

Combined Accelerated Bachelor's/Master's Degrees

Biotechnology and Molecular Bioscience, BS degree/Bioinformatics, MS degree, typical course sequence