Program Overview

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Program Overview

The program in question is a PhD in Mirror Symmetry for Fibrations and Degenerations of Calabi-Yau Manifolds. This project aims to use algebraic geometry to study the relationship between "fibrations" on a Calabi-Yau manifold and "degenerations" of its mirror partner.

Qualification(s) Available

• PhD

Entry Requirements

Applicants should have, or expect to achieve, at least a 2:1 Honours degree at Master’s level in mathematics (or equivalent). Candidates should be hardworking, good at communicating, and able to work both independently and as part of a team.

Fees

• UK fee: £5,006 Full-time degree per annum
• International fee: £22,360 Full-time degree per annum for entry in the current academic year, and £23,100 for the next academic year.

Duration and Start Date

• Full-time: 3 years
• Part-time: 6 years
• Start date: January 2026, April 2026, July 2026, October 2026

Application Deadline

• Application deadline: 31 July 2026

Project Reference

• Project reference: MA/AT-Un1/2025

Location

• Location: Loughborough

Subject Area(s)

• Subject area(s): Mathematical Sciences

Project Details

Calabi-Yau manifolds are an important class of objects in algebraic geometry, yet many of their properties are still poorly understood. Evidence from theoretical physics, and in particular string theory, suggests that Calabi-Yau manifolds seem to come in pairs, with related properties. This observed phenomenon is called mirror symmetry. However, whilst we now have thousands of examples of such "mirror pairs" of Calabi-Yau manifolds, there is still no underlying mathematical theory to explain how and why they arise.

Supervisors

• Primary supervisor: Dr Alan Thompson

English Language Requirements

Applicants must meet the minimum English language requirements. Further details are available on the International website.

How to Apply

All applications should be made online. Under programme name, select Mathematical Sciences. Please quote the advertised reference number: MA/AT-Un1/2025 in your application.

Selection Criteria

The following selection criteria will be used by academic schools to help them make a decision on your application.

Research Areas

The successful applicant will join the Geometry and Mathematical Physics Research Group, which currently includes 12 permanent academic staff along with several research associates and PhD students. The group has a vibrant research culture, with activities including weekly research seminars, weekly meetings between students and supervisors, and excellent links with groups in neighbouring institutions.

University Information

94% of Loughborough’s research impact is rated world-leading or internationally excellent. REF 2021

Entry Requirements by Country

A comprehensive list of entry requirements by country is provided, detailing the equivalent qualifications and grades required for admission.

Afghanistan

• First-class honours (70%): Masters, 95%
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Masters, 85%
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Masters, 70%

Albania

• First-class honours (70%): Diplomë e Nivelit të Pare (First Level (University) Diploma (from 2010)), 9.5
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Diplomë e Nivelit të Pare (First Level (University) Diploma (from 2010)), 8.5
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Diplomë e Nivelit të Pare (First Level (University) Diploma (from 2010)), 8

Algeria

• First-class honours (70%): Licence (4 year) / Diplome d'Inginieur d'Etat / Diplôme d'Etudes Supérieures, 16
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Licence (4 year) / Diplome d'Inginieur d'Etat / Diplôme d'Etudes Supérieures, 14
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Licence (4 year) / Diplome d'Inginieur d'Etat / Diplôme d'Etudes Supérieures, 12

Argentina

• First-class honours (70%): Licenciatura/ Licenciado (4 year), 8.5
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Licenciatura/ Licenciado (4 year), 7.5
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Licenciatura/ Licenciado (4 year), 6.0

Armenia

• First-class honours (70%): Bakalavri Kochum required but typically a Magistrosi Kochum, 90% or 3.9
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Bakalavri Kochum required but typically a Magistrosi Kochum, 80% or 3.5
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Bakalavri Kochum required but typically a Magistrosi Kochum, 70% or 3.0

Australia

• First-class honours (70%): Honours degree (AQF level 8), First Class, 80%
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Honours degree (AQF level 8), Upper Second, 70%, H2A
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Honours degree (AQF level 8), Lower Second, 60%, H2B

Austria

• First-class honours (70%): Degree / Diplomstudium / Fachhochschuldiplom (Diplom (FH)), A (or 1.5) mit Auszeichnungbestanden
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Degree / Diplomstudium / Fachhochschuldiplom (Diplom (FH)), 60% / B / (or 2)
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Degree / Diplomstudium / Fachhochschuldiplom (Diplom (FH)), 60% / B / (or 2)

Azerbaijan

• First-class honours (70%): Bakalavr Diplomu/ Diplomu (Specialist Diploma), 4.5 or 90%
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Bakalavr Diplomu/ Diplomu (Specialist Diploma), 4 or 80%
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Bakalavr Diplomu/ Diplomu (Specialist Diploma), 3.5 or 70%

Bahamas

• First-class honours (70%): Degree from University of the West Indies only, 1st (GPA 3.6)
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Degree from University of the West Indies only, 2:1 (GPA 3.0)
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Degree from University of the West Indies only, 2:2 (GPA 2.5)

Bahrain

• First-class honours (70%): GPA 4.0 scale, 3.5
• Upper second-class honours (60%): GPA 4.0 scale, 3.0
• Lower second-class honours (50%): GPA 4.0 scale, 2.8

Bangladesh

• First-class honours (70%): 4 Year Bachelor of Science in Engineering (IEB and BAETE accredited courses up to 2024), 1st (70%) / 3.5
• Upper second-class honours (60%): 4 Year Bachelor of Science in Engineering (IEB and BAETE accredited courses up to 2024), 2nd (60%) / 3.0
• Lower second-class honours (50%): 4 Year Bachelor of Science in Engineering (IEB and BAETE accredited courses up to 2024), 2nd (55%) / 2.75

Barbados

• First-class honours (70%): University of the West Indies, Honours degree, 1st (GPA 3.6)
• Upper second-class honours (60%): University of the West Indies, Honours degree, 2:1 (GPA 3.0)
• Lower second-class honours (50%): University of the West Indies, Honours degree, 2:2 (GPA 2.5)

Belarus

• First-class honours (70%): Specialist Diploma (5Yr), 9
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Specialist Diploma (5Yr), 7
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Specialist Diploma (5Yr), 5

Belgium

• First-class honours (70%): Bachelor degree/Licenciaat/Licencie, 80% or 17
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Bachelor degree/Licenciaat/Licencie, 70% or 14
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Bachelor degree/Licenciaat/Licencie, 60% or 12

Belize

• First-class honours (70%): Degree from University of the West Indies only, 1st (GPA 3.6)
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Degree from University of the West Indies only, 2:1 (GPA 3.0)
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Degree from University of the West Indies only, 2:2 (GPA 2.5)

Benin

• First-class honours (70%): Maitrise, 18
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Maitrise, 15 or Bien
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Maitrise, 12 or Assez Bien

Bermuda

• First-class honours (70%): Degree from University of the West Indies only, 1st (GPA 3.6)
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Degree from University of the West Indies only, 2:1 (GPA 3.0)
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Degree from University of the West Indies only, 2:2 (GPA 2.5)

Bolivia

• First-class honours (70%): A Licenciado, 4 years Private (public/private), 85/78
• Upper second-class honours (60%): A Licenciado, 4 years Private (public/private), 75/66
• Lower second-class honours (50%): A Licenciado, 4 years Private (public/private), 67/55

Bosnia and Herzegovina

• First-class honours (70%): Diplom Visokog Obrazovanja / Diplomirani, 10
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Diplom Visokog Obrazovanja / Diplomirani, 9
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Diplom Visokog Obrazovanja / Diplomirani, 8

Botswana

• First-class honours (70%): Master's degree, A or 80%
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Master's degree, B or 70%
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Master's degree, C or 60%

Brazil

• First-class honours (70%): Brazil - 4 yr Bacharel or Licenciado/Licenciatura or Título Profissional, 8.5
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Brazil - 4 yr Bacharel or Licenciado/Licenciatura or Título Profissional, 7.5
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Brazil - 4 yr Bacharel or Licenciado/Licenciatura or Título Profissional, 6.5

Brunei

• First-class honours (70%): Brunei, First
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Brunei, Upper Second (60%/B/3.1)
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Brunei, Lower Second (50% or C or 2.5)

Bulgaria

• First-class honours (70%): 5 yr Diploma za Zavarsheno Visshe Obrazovanie (Diploma of Completed Higher Education), 6
• Upper second-class honours (60%): 5 yr Diploma za Zavarsheno Visshe Obrazovanie (Diploma of Completed Higher Education), 5
• Lower second-class honours (50%): 5 yr Diploma za Zavarsheno Visshe Obrazovanie (Diploma of Completed Higher Education), 4

Burundi

• First-class honours (70%): Masters or Diplôme d'Études Approfondies or Diplôme Ingénieur (professional title), 18
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Masters or Diplôme d'Études Approfondies or Diplôme Ingénieur (professional title), 15/20 (Bien)
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Masters or Diplôme d'Études Approfondies or Diplôme Ingénieur (professional title), 12.5/20 (Assez Bien)

Cambodia

• First-class honours (70%): Masters, 80% or B+ or 3.5
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Masters, 70% or B or 3.0
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Masters, 60% or C+ or 2.5

Cameroon

• First-class honours (70%): Bachelor degree or Diplome d'Etudes Superiures de Commerce or Diplome d'Ingenieur or Diplôme d'Ingénieur de Conception or a Maitrise, 4 year Licence or Master 1 (M1), 1st / 3.6 or 15/Tres Bien
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Bachelor degree or Diplome d'Etudes Superiures de Commerce or Diplome d'Ingenieur or Diplôme d'Ingénieur de Conception or a Maitrise, 4 year Licence or Master 1 (M1), 2:1 / GPA 3.0 or 14 / Bien
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Bachelor degree or Diplome d'Etudes Superiures de Commerce or Diplome d'Ingenieur or Diplôme d'Ingénieur de Conception or a Maitrise, 4 year Licence or Master 1 (M1), 2:2 / GPA 2.5 or 12.5/ Assez Bien

Canada

• First-class honours (70%): GPA 4.0/Percentage, 3.7/85%
• Upper second-class honours (60%): GPA 4.0/Percentage, 3.3/75%
• Lower second-class honours (50%): GPA 4.0/Percentage, 2.7/68%

Chile

• First-class honours (70%): Grado de Licenciado / Título (Profesional) de [subject area] (4 years), 6
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Grado de Licenciado / Título (Profesional) de [subject area] (4 years), 5.5
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Grado de Licenciado / Título (Profesional) de [subject area] (4 years), 5

China

Students are required to have a bachelor degree (4 years) for entry to a postgraduate programme. The University uses the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities to identify the required final mark.

• First class (70%): Shanghai Rank Top 250, 83%
• Mid 2:1 (65%): Shanghai Rank Top 250, 79%
• 2:1 (60%): Shanghai Rank Top 250, 75%
• Mid 2:2 (55%): Shanghai Rank Top 250, 73%
• 2:2 (50%): Shanghai Rank Top 250, 70%

Colombia

• First-class honours (70%): Licenciado / Título de [subject area], 4.5
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Licenciado / Título de [subject area], 3.75
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Licenciado / Título de [subject area], 3.2

Costa Rica

• First-class honours (70%): Licenciado, 9
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Licenciado, 8 or 80
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Licenciado, 7 or 75

Croatia

• First-class honours (70%): Baccalaureus / Prvostupnik, 4.5
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Baccalaureus / Prvostupnik, 3.8
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Baccalaureus / Prvostupnik, 3.0

Cuba

• First-class honours (70%): 4-year Titulo de Licenciado / Licenciatura, 5
• Upper second-class honours (60%): 4-year Titulo de Licenciado / Licenciatura, 4
• Lower second-class honours (50%): 4-year Titulo de Licenciado / Licenciatura, 3

Cyprus

• First-class honours (70%): Cyprus, 8.5
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Cyprus, 7.0
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Cyprus, 6.5

Czech Republic

• First-class honours (70%): Bakalár (after 2001) 6 yr integrated Magistr, 1
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Bakalár (after 2001) 6 yr integrated Magistr, 1.5
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Bakalár (after 2001) 6 yr integrated Magistr, 2

Denmark

• First-class honours (70%): 5 year Candidatus/Candidata Magisterii or Bachelor degree (7 point scale), 12
• Upper second-class honours (60%): 5 year Candidatus/Candidata Magisterii or Bachelor degree (7 point scale), 10
• Lower second-class honours (50%): 5 year Candidatus/Candidata Magisterii or Bachelor degree (7 point scale), 7

Dominican Republic

• First-class honours (70%): 4 year Licenciado or Título de [subject area], 3.8
• Upper second-class honours (60%): 4 year Licenciado or Título de [subject area], Magna Cum Laude or 3.5 or 85%
• Lower second-class honours (50%): 4 year Licenciado or Título de [subject area], Cum Laude or 3.2 or 82%

Ecuador

• First-class honours (70%): Título de Licenciado / Título de [subject area], 8.5 / 85%
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Título de Licenciado / Título de [subject area], 8 / 80%
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Título de Licenciado / Título de [subject area], 7 / 70%

Egypt

• First-class honours (70%): Egypt, 3.5
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Egypt, 3.2
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Egypt, 2.8

El Salvador

• First-class honours (70%): 5 year Licenciado, Título de Ingeniero/Arquitecto, 8.5, 85%
• Upper second-class honours (60%): 5 year Licenciado, Título de Ingeniero/Arquitecto, 7.5, 75% or Muy Bueno
• Lower second-class honours (50%): 5 year Licenciado, Título de Ingeniero/Arquitecto, 6.5, 65% or Bueno

Estonia

• First-class honours (70%): Bakalaureusekraad or Magister or Magistrikraad, 5 or 91% or A
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Bakalaureusekraad or Magister or Magistrikraad, 4 or 81% or B
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Bakalaureusekraad or Magister or Magistrikraad, 3 or 71% or C

Ethiopia

• First-class honours (70%): Masters (up to 2025), A / GPA 4.0
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Masters (up to 2025), A / GPA 3.5
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Masters (up to 2025), B / GPA 2.8

Finland

• First-class honours (70%): Kandidaattii/Kandidat or the Maisteri/Magister, 3 (out of 3) or 4.5 (out of 5)
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Kandidaattii/Kandidat or the Maisteri/Magister, 2 (out of 3) or 3 (out of 5)
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Kandidaattii/Kandidat or the Maisteri/Magister, 1 (out of 3) or 2.5 (out of 5)

France

• First-class honours (70%): Licence (3 years)/ Maitrise/ Diplôme d'Ingénieur, 14
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Licence (3 years)/ Maitrise/ Diplôme d'Ingénieur, 13
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Licence (3 years)/ Maitrise/ Diplôme d'Ingénieur, 11

Georgia

• First-class honours (70%): 4-year degree (% = new system), 5 (95%)
• Upper second-class honours (60%): 4-year degree (% = new system), 4.0 (85%)
• Lower second-class honours (50%): 4-year degree (% = new system), 3.5 (75%)

Germany

• First-class honours (70%): German Bachelor/ Diplom, Magister Artium / Zeugnis über den Zweiten Abschnitt der Ärztlichen Prüfung, 1.5
• Upper second-class honours (60%): German Bachelor/ Diplom, Magister Artium / Zeugnis über den Zweiten Abschnitt der Ärztlichen Prüfung, 2.5
• Lower second-class honours (50%): German Bachelor/ Diplom, Magister Artium / Zeugnis über den Zweiten Abschnitt der Ärztlichen Prüfung, 3.0

Ghana

• First-class honours (70%): Ghana, First
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Ghana, Upper second/60%
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Ghana, Lower second/50%

Greece

• First-class honours (70%): Universities, 8.5
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Universities, 7.0
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Universities, 6

Grenada

• First-class honours (70%): Degree from University of West Indies - classification, 1st, 70% (GPA 3.6)
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Degree from University of West Indies - classification, 2:1, 60% (GPA 3.00)
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Degree from University of West Indies - classification, 2:2, 50% (GPA 2.5)

Guatemala

• First-class honours (70%): Liceniado / Titulo de (subject area) - 4 years, 90% (public university) / 95% (private university)
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Liceniado / Titulo de (subject area) - 4 years, 80% (public university) / 85% (private university)
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Liceniado / Titulo de (subject area) - 4 years, 60% (public university) / 70% (private university)

Guyana

• First-class honours (70%): Master's, GPA 4
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Master's, GPA 3.5
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Master's, 3.0

Honduras

• First-class honours (70%): Título de Licenciado / Grado Académico de Licenciatura (4 year degree) - GPA out of 5, GPA 5 or 90%
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Título de Licenciado / Grado Académico de Licenciatura (4 year degree) - GPA out of 5, GPA 4 or 80%
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Título de Licenciado / Grado Académico de Licenciatura (4 year degree) - GPA out of 5, GPA 3.5 or 70%

Hong Kong

• First-class honours (70%): 1st or 3.5/4
• Upper second-class honours (60%): 2:1or 3/4
• Lower second-class honours (50%): 2:2 or 2.5/4

Hungary

• First-class honours (70%): Alapfokozt or Egyetemi Oklevel / Bachelor, 4.5
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Alapfokozt or Egyetemi Oklevel / Bachelor, 3.5
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Alapfokozt or Egyetemi Oklevel / Bachelor, 3

Iceland

• First-class honours (70%): Baccalaurreatus degree or Kandidatsprof/Candidatus Mag, 8.5
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Baccalaurreatus degree or Kandidatsprof/Candidatus Mag, 7.5
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Baccalaurreatus degree or Kandidatsprof/Candidatus Mag, 6.5

India

• First-class honours (70%): Institutions listed on the National Institutional Ranking Framework, 65% (First)
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Institutions listed on the National Institutional Ranking Framework, 60% (First)
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Institutions listed on the National Institutional Ranking Framework, 55% (Upper second)

Indonesia

• First-class honours (70%): Sarjana I (S1) from accredited Universities, 3.3
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Sarjana I (S1) from accredited Universities, 3.0
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Sarjana I (S1) from accredited Universities, 2.8

Iran

• First-class honours (70%): Iran, 17
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Iran, 15
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Iran, 13

Iraq

• First-class honours (70%): Iraq, 80%
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Iraq, 75%
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Iraq, 70%

Ireland

• First-class honours (70%): Republic of Ireland, First (70%)
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Republic of Ireland, Upper second (60%)
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Republic of Ireland, Lower second (50%)

Israel

• First-class honours (70%): 3 yr Bachelor Degree, 90%
• Upper second-class honours (60%): 3 yr Bachelor Degree, 80%
• Lower second-class honours (50%): 3 yr Bachelor Degree, 70%

Italy

• First-class honours (70%): Diploma di Laurea, 109/110
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Diploma di Laurea, 100/110
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Diploma di Laurea, 90/110

Ivory Coast

• First-class honours (70%): Diplome d'Etude Approfondies, Diplome d'Etude Superieures or Diplome d'Etude Superieures, 16
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Diplome d'Etude Approfondies, Diplome d'Etude Superieures or Diplome d'Etude Superieures, 14 (Bien)
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Diplome d'Etude Approfondies, Diplome d'Etude Superieures or Diplome d'Etude Superieures, 12 (Assez Bien)

Jamaica

• First-class honours (70%): For degrees studied at The University of West Indies or degrees accredited by UCJ and CCCJ, 1st (GPA 3.6)
• Upper second-class honours (60%): For degrees studied at The University of West Indies or degrees accredited by UCJ and CCCJ, 2:1 (GPA 3.0) or B
• Lower second-class honours (50%): For degrees studied at The University of West Indies or degrees accredited by UCJ and CCCJ, 2:2, 50% (GPA 2.5)

Japan

• First-class honours (70%): Gakushi – GPA 4.0 scale, 85% or A or 3.5
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Gakushi – GPA 4.0 scale, 80% or B or 3.0
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Gakushi – GPA 4.0 scale, 70% or C or 2.0

Jordan

• First-class honours (70%): GPA 4.0 scale, 3.5
• Upper second-class honours (60%): GPA 4.0 scale, 3 or 3.5/5 or 75%
• Lower second-class honours (50%): GPA 4.0 scale, 2.5 (or 3.0/5) / 63%

Kazakhstan

• First-class honours (70%): GPA 5.0/percentage scale, 4.5 or 90%
• Upper second-class honours (60%): GPA 5.0/percentage scale, 4 or 85%
• Lower second-class honours (50%): GPA 5.0/percentage scale, 3.5 or 80%

Kenya

• First-class honours (70%): Kenya, First / 70% / A
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Kenya, Upper second / 60% / B
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Kenya, Lower second / 50% / C

Kosovo

• First-class honours (70%): Kosovo, 10
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Kosovo, 9
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Kosovo, 8

Kuwait

• First-class honours (70%): GPA 4.0 scale, 3.6
• Upper second-class honours (60%): GPA 4.0 scale, 3.0
• Lower second-class honours (50%): GPA 4.0 scale, 2.6

Latvia

• First-class honours (70%): Latvia, 9
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Latvia, 7
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Latvia, 6

Lebanon

• First-class honours (70%): American, 90% (3.5)
• Upper second-class honours (60%): American, 80% (3.2)
• Lower second-class honours (50%): American, 70% (2.8)

Liberia

• First-class honours (70%): Master's, 4.0 or 90%
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Master's, 3.5 or 85%
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Master's, 3 or 80%

Libya

• First-class honours (70%): BSc Engineering, Architecture, Medicine, 85 (3.6)
• Upper second-class honours (60%): BSc Engineering, Architecture, Medicine, 75 (3.0)
• Lower second-class honours (50%): BSc Engineering, Architecture, Medicine, 65 (2.5)

Lithuania

• First-class honours (70%): Lithuania, 9
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Lithuania, 8
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Lithuania, 7

Luxembourg

• First-class honours (70%): Luxembourg, 18 (excellent)
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Luxembourg, 16 (tres Bien)
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Luxembourg, 14 (bien)

Macau

• First-class honours (70%): Macau, 1st or GPA 3.7
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Macau, 2:1 or GPA 3.0
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Macau, 2:2 or GPA 2.5

Macedonia

• First-class honours (70%): Magistar Дипломиран / Баццалауреус / Баццалауреа (Bachelor degree), 10
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Magistar Дипломиран / Баццалауреус / Баццалауреа (Bachelor degree), 9
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Magistar Дипломиран / Баццалауреус / Баццалауреа (Bachelor degree), 8

Malawi

• First-class honours (70%): Master's only, MSc 75%
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Master's only, MSc 70%
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Master's only, MSc 65%

Malaysia

• First-class honours (70%): Classification, First Class
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Classification, 2.1
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Classification, GPA 2.5

Malta

• First-class honours (70%): Malta, 1st (80%)
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Malta, 2:1 (70%)
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Malta, 2:2 (55%)

Mauritius

• First-class honours (70%): Mauritius, 1st or 70%
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Mauritius, 2:1 or 60%
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Mauritius, 2:2 or 50%

Mexico

• First-class honours (70%): Licenciatura / Licenciado/ Título (Profesional) de [subject area], 8.5
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Licenciatura / Licenciado/ Título (Profesional) de [subject area], 8
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Licenciatura / Licenciado/ Título (Profesional) de [subject area], 7

Moldova

• First-class honours (70%): Diploma de Licenţă (Diploma of Licentiate), 9
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Diploma de Licenţă (Diploma of Licentiate), 8
• Lower second-class honours (50%): Diploma de Licenţă (Diploma of Licentiate), 7

Mongolia

• First-class honours (70%): Диплом Специалиста (Specialist Diploma), 90% or 3.5
• Upper second-class honours (60%): Диплом Специалиста (Specialist Diploma), 80