Program Overview

ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA E CORRELAZIONI ANATOMO-CLINICHE

Course Description

The course of ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA E CORRELAZIONI ANATOMO-CLINICHE deals with the pathological bases of diseases, macro and microscopic pictures associated with them, histological, cytological, molecular, and autopsy techniques, and the interpretation of lesions for diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive purposes.

Objectives and Contents

Educational Objectives

• Knowledge of the pathological bases of the main diseases of the digestive system, head and neck district (1st semester), and malformative pathology, central nervous system pathology, and hematological pathology (2nd semester).
• Understanding of neoplastic diseases of numerous organs and systems.
• Ability to describe the morphological aspects of tissue lesions, relevant molecular alterations, classification principles, with particular reference to anatomical-clinical correlations and prognostic and predictive implications.

Detailed Educational Objectives and Learning Outcomes

The course is divided into several parts, including:

• Techniques used in histopathology, cytopathology, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and molecular pathology.
• Indications and purposes of autopsy findings.
• Systematic pathology of various organs and systems.
• Correlations between macro and microscopic lesions and clinical pictures.
• For neoplastic pathology, prognostic and predictive factors of therapeutic response.
• Indications for biopsy and cytopathology.
• Significance and value of microscopic and molecular findings in defining various diseases.

Prerequisites

• Knowledge of normal human anatomy and histology.
• Understanding of the main pathogenetic mechanisms that produce human diseases.

Teaching Methods

• Plenary lectures on the topics of the program.
• Interactive slide seminars with discussion of clinical-pathological cases.

Program/Content

The program includes:

• ARGOMENTI TRATTATI AL III ANNO, 2° SEMESTRE
  • General aspects of autopsy examination and surgical pathology.
  • Indications and limitations of intraoperative frozen section examination.
  • Applications and limitations of diagnostic exfoliative, abrasive, and fine-needle aspiration cytology.
  • Techniques of anatomo-pathological diagnosis: routine histology, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and molecular investigations.
  • Mechanisms of oncogenesis and multi-stage oncogenesis. Classification criteria, grading, and staging of neoplasms.
• DERMATOLOGIA, IMMUNOLOGIA, REUMATOLOGIA E APP. OSTEOARTICOLARE
  • Basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma of the epidermis. Preneoplastic lesions and risk factors.
  • Nevi and melanomas: risk factors, classification criteria, morphological aspects, histoprognostic correlations, and natural history.
  • Generalities on osteomyelitis and osteoporosis.
  • Inflammatory and degenerative pathology of the joints.
• APPARATO CARDIOVASCOLARE E RESPIRATORIO
  • Coronary syndromes and myocardial infarction (causes and mechanisms; morphological and evolutionary pictures).
  • Endocarditis and valvulopathies (classification, anatomo-pathological pictures, and complications).
  • Cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomegaly (pictures and causes). Congestive heart failure.
  • Myocarditis and cardiomyopathies. Diagnostic role of endomyocardial biopsy.
  • Pericarditis and hemopericardium: morphological aspects.
  • Sudden cardiac death: morphological pictures.
  • Aneurysms and degenerative pathology of large vessels: morphological pictures.
  • Vasculitis: morphological pictures.
  • Pulmonary circulation disorders: edema, infarction, embolism, pulmonary hypertension.
  • Adult and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.
  • Alterations of pulmonary air content (emphysema and atelectasis). Chronic obstructive and restrictive pulmonary diseases: natural history and morphological aspects.
  • Pneumonitis, bronchopneumonia, and pulmonary abscess: morphological aspects.
  • Pneumoconiosis: etiopathogenesis, morphological aspects, and natural history. Interstitial and pulmonary fibrosis: morphological aspects.
  • Tuberculosis and sarcoidosis: morphological aspects.
  • Lung tumors: classification criteria, morphological aspects, histoprognostic correlations, and natural history.
  • Pleuritis and pleural tumors: morphological aspects.
  • Cytological examination: generalities and applications in pleuro-pulmonary pathology.
• APPARATO UROPOIETICO E ENDOCRINO
  • Tumors of the diffuse endocrine system and pancreatic endocrine tumors: morphological pictures and anatomo-clinical correlations.
  • Hyperplasias and tumors of the adrenal glands: classification and anatomo-clinical correlations.
  • Hypo- and hyperthyroidism: morphological pictures and natural history. Thyroiditis: classification, etiopathogenesis, natural history, and morphology.
  • Thyroid tumors: classification criteria, morphological pictures, natural history, and diagnostic techniques.
  • Hyperplasias and tumors of the parathyroid glands: morphological pictures and anatomo-clinical correlations.
  • Renal biopsy: diagnostic role.
  • Nephrotic syndrome: primary and secondary causes.
  • Nephritic syndrome: primary and secondary causes.
  • Acute and chronic renal failure: morphological pictures.
  • Renal lesions in lupus erythematosus.
  • Renal lesions in diabetes mellitus.
  • Acute and chronic pyelonephritis.
• ARGOMENTI TRATTATI AL IV ANNO, 1° SEMESTRE
  • APPARATO DIGERENTE
    • Precancerous and cancerous lesions of the oral cavity.
    • Salivary gland diseases.
    • Tumors of the larynx and rhinopharynx.
    • Morphological aspects of HIV infection.
    • Endoscopic biopsy in the diagnosis of digestive diseases.
    • Esophagitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
    • Preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the esophagus: classification criteria, morphological aspects, histoprognostic correlations, and natural history.
    • Precancerous and cancerous lesions of the stomach: classification criteria, morphological aspects, histoprognostic correlations, and natural history.
    • Gastritis and peptic ulcer.
    • Mechanical and circulatory disorders of the intestine.
    • Malabsorption: nosography, morphological pictures, role of biopsy.
    • Enteritis and colitis, acute and chronic, infectious and non-infectious.
    • Benign, precancerous, and malignant tumors of the intestine: classification criteria, morphological aspects, histoprognostic correlations, natural history.
    • Circulatory disorders of the liver: anatomo-pathological pictures.
    • Infectious and non-infectious hepatitis (autoimmune): morphological pictures and natural history.
    • Anatomo-pathological bases of nodular lesions of the liver: classification criteria, morphology, histoprognostic correlations, natural history.
    • Liver diseases of genetic basis.
    • Liver diseases due to exogenous toxins (drugs and alcohol).
    • Liver cirrhosis: morphogenesis, morphological pictures, and natural history.
    • Neoplastic and non-neoplastic pathology of the biliary tract: intra and extrahepatic.
    • Acute and chronic pancreatitis: morphological pictures and natural history.
    • Tumors of the exocrine pancreas: classification criteria and histoprognostic correlations.
    • Tumors of the eye.
• ARGOMENTI TRATTATI AL IV ANNO, 2° SEMESTRE
  • ARGOMENTI GENERALI
    • Collaboration between the clinician and the pathologist in constructing the diagnosis and defining the prognosis.
    • Request for cytological and histological examination and interpretation of the report.
    • Main malformative syndromes (brain, heart, and kidney).
    • Causes of male infertility.
  • ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA DEI TESSUTI EMOLINFOPOIETICI
    • Malignant Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas: classification, morphological aspects, prognostic indicators, clinico-pathological correlations.
    • Acute and chronic lymphadenitis.
    • Multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma.
    • Tumors of the mediastinum: classification and clinico-pathological correlations.
  • ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA DELL'IPOFISI E DEL SISTEMA NERVOSO CENTRALE & PERIFERICO
    • Hypo- and hyperpituitarism. Pituitary tumors.
    • Traumatic lesions of the central nervous system. Cerebrovascular lesions.
    • Infections of the central nervous system.
    • Demyelinating diseases.
    • Degenerative diseases of the central nervous system.
    • Tumors of the central nervous system.
  • ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA ONCOLOGICA
    • Breast tumors: classification criteria, morphological aspects, histoprognostic correlations, natural history, role of cytodiagnosis, and screening techniques.
    • Bone tumors: classification and histoprognostic correlations.
    • Tumors of soft tissues: classificative approach.
    • Renal tumors in adults and children: morphological aspects, histoprognostic correlations, natural history.
    • Tumors of the urinary tract: morphological aspects, histoprognostic correlations, natural history.
    • Prostate tumors: morphological aspects, histoprognostic correlations, natural history.
    • Testicular and epididymal tumors: classification criteria, morphological aspects, histoprognostic correlations, natural history.

Texts/Bibliography

• Gallo D'Amati - Anatomia Patologica – La sistematica. EDRA (2nd edition, 2018)
• Robbins & Cotran - Le basi patologiche delle malattie. EDRA (10th Italian edition, 2022)
• All slides presented in class are published on Aulaweb.

Teachers and Commissions

• Federica Grillo
• Luca Mastracci
• Valerio Gaetano Vellone
• Roberto Franco Fiocca
• Carlo Pesce

Examination Commission

• Roberto Franco Fiocca (President)
• Federica Grillo (President)
• Luca Mastracci (President)
• Michele Paudice (President)
• Carlo Pesce (President)
• Valerio Gaetano Vellone (President)

Lessons

Start of Lessons

September 2023

Lesson Schedule

• ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA E CORRELAZIONI ANATOMO-CLINICHE

Exams

Examination Methods

• In-itinere verification at the end of the 3rd year, II semester
• Final exam of the Course of Anatomia Patologica e Correlazioni Anatomo-Cliniche takes place at the end of the 4th year: it also includes the verification of the knowledge of Anatomia Patologica acquired in the 4th year – I semester.

Assessment Methods

• ORAL EXAM: Four topics of oncological and non-oncological nature are proposed to each candidate. After the administration of the topics, the candidate is given a variable time, not exceeding 15', to organize their exposition, also producing written notes. This first phase is followed by an evaluative oral interview with at least two teachers.
• The final evaluation also takes into account the outcome of the in-itinere test previously taken on the topics covered in the 3rd year - II semester.

Exam Calendar

Agenda 2030

Health and Well-being